No abstract

Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES), specifically the calcium oxide (CaO)/calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) system is a promising energy storage technology with relatively high energy density and low cost. However, the existing models available to predict the system’s internal states are computationally expensive. An accurate and real-time capable model is therefore still required to improve its operational control. In this work, we implement a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to predict the dynamics of the TCES internal state. Our proposed framework addresses three physical aspects to build the PINN: (1) we choose a Nonlinear Autoregressive Network with Exogeneous Inputs (NARX) with deeper recurrence to address the nonlinear latency; (2) we train the network in closed-loop to capture the long-term dynamics; and (3) we incorporate physical regularisation during its training, calculated based on discretized mole and energy balance equations. To train the network, we perform numerical simulations on an ensemble of system parameters to obtain synthetic data. Even though the suggested approach provides results with the error of 3.96×10−4 which is in the same range as the result without physical regularisation, it is superior compared to conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) strategies because it ensures physical plausibility of the predictions, even in a highly dynamic and nonlinear problem. Consequently, the suggested PINN can be further developed for more complicated analysis of the TCES system.

Schwankende Strompreise erhöhen den Bedarf an Systemen zur elektrischen Lastprognose für Industrieunternehmen. Zur Bereitstellung eines Prognoseservice sind Kenntnisse über gängige Methoden, die spezifischen Anforderungen und die Einflussfaktoren erforderlich. Je nach Anwendung erzielen Prognosemethoden unterschiedliche Genauigkeiten. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein Vorgehen, das mit einem Benchmark die Genauigkeit einer Prognosemethode evaluiert, so dass diese einheitlich mit anderen Methoden verglichen werden kann.   Fluctuating electricity prices increase the need for electrical load forecasting systems for industrial companies. To provide a forecasting service, knowledge of common methods, the specific requirements and influencing factors is required. Depending on the application, forecasting methods achieve different prediction performance indicators. This contribution presents an approach that uses a benchmark to evaluate the accuracy of a forecasting method and compare it consistently with other methods.