Aim: To compare the efficacy of 10-20-30 training versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on HbA1c, body composition and maximum oxygen uptake (V O 2 max) in male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: Fifty-one male participants with T2D were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 10-20-30 (N = 26) and a MICT (N = 25) training group. Interventions consisted of supervised cycling three times weekly for 10 weeks, lasting 29 minutes (10-20-30) and 50 minutes (MICT) in a local non-clinical setting. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from baseline to 10-week follow-up. Results: Of 51 participants enrolled, 44 (mean age 61.0 ± 6.8 [mean ± SD] years, diagnosed 7.5 ± 5.8 years, baseline HbA1c 7.4% ± 1.3%) were included in the analysis. Training compliance was 84% and 86% in 10-20-30 and MICT, respectively. No adverse events occurred during the intervention. HbA1c decreased (P <0.001) by 0.5 (95% CI −0.72 to −0.21) percentage points with training in 10-20-30, with no change in MICT. The change in 10-20-30 was greater (P <0.05) than in MICT. Visceral fat mass decreased (P <0.05) only with 10-20-30 training, whereas total fat mass decreased (P <0.01) and V O 2 max increased (P <0.01) with training in both groups. Conclusions: Ten weeks of 10-20-30 training was superior to MICT in lowering HbA1c, and only 10-20-30 training decreased visceral fat mass in patients with T2D. Furthermore, 10-20-30 training was as effective as MICT in reducing total fat mass and increasing V O 2 max, despite a 42% lower training time commitment. K E Y W O R D S glycaemic control, high-intensity interval training, oral glucose tolerance test, skeletal muscle protein adaptations, sprint-interval training.

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The menopausal transition is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, and in time postmenopausal women (PMW) will exhibit a cardiovascular disease risk-score similar to male counterparts. Hypertension is associated with vascular dysfunction, but whether hypertensive PMW have blunted nitric-oxide (NO)-mediated leg vasodilator responsiveness, and whether this is reversible by high-intensity training (HIT) is unknown. To address these questions, we examined the leg vascular conductance (LVC) in response to femoral-infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and skeletal muscle markers of oxidative stress and NO bioavailability before and after HIT in PMW (12.9±6.0 (mean±SD) years since last menstrual cycle). We hypothesized that ACh- and SNP-induced LVC responsiveness was reduced in hypertensive compared to normotensive PMW and that 10 weeks of HIT would reverse the blunted LVC response and decrease blood pressure (BP).Nine hypertensive (HYP; clinical systolic/diastolic BP 149±11/91±83 mmHg) and 8 normotensive (NORM; 122±13/75±8 mmHg) PMW completed 10 weeks of bi-weekly small-sided floorball training (4-5x3-5 min interspersed by 1-3 min rest periods). Before training, the SNP-induced change in LVC was lower (P<0.05) in HYP compared with NORM. With training, the ACh- and SNP-induced change in LVC at maximal infusion rates i.e. 100 and 6 μg∙min-1∙kg leg mass-1, respectively, improved (P<0.05) in HYP only. Further, training decreased (P<0.05) clinical systolic/diastolic BP (-15±11/-9±7 mmHg) in HYP, and systolic BP (-10±9 mmHg) in NORM. Thus, the SNP-mediated LVC responsiveness was blunted in hypertensive PMW, and reversed by a period of HIT that was associated with a marked decrease in clinical BP.

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