The addition of inorganic spherical nanoparticles to polymers allows the modification of the polymers physical properties as well as the implementation of new features in the polymer matrix. This review article covers considerations on special features of inorganic nanoparticles, the most important synthesis methods for ceramic nanoparticles and nanocomposites, nanoparticle surface modification, and composite formation, including drawbacks. Classical nanocomposite properties, as thermomechanical, dielectric, conductive, magnetic, as well as optical properties, will be summarized. Finally, typical existing and potential applications will be shown with the focus on new and innovative applications, like in energy storage systems.

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We are gratefully acknowledged to the Stifterverband Metalle and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support. Additionally we wish to thank the BASF AG, Hu¨ls AG, Hoechst AG and Degussa AG for delivering materials and the Ciba Additive GmbH for the kind donation of the photoinitiators. We also wish to thank our colleagues, especially Mr. P. Holzer and the members of the galvanic team of the corrosion division of our institute (IMFIII/KOR) and microparts GmbH for the electroplating and helpful support.Abstract Injection molding technology and its different modifications represent established processes for manufacturing polymer products with high accuracy in large scale production. Enhanced machine and tool technologies like evacuation units and special temperization systems have already been adapted to the molding of microstructures with high aspect ratios. Cycle times are actually in the range of minutes and depend on the geometry of the microstructures and the materials used. Based on injection molding of lost plastic microforms new processes for the manufacturing of ceramic or metal microstructures are being developed.