This study examined the nature of bias introduced by using volunteer subjects in laboratory experiments. Thirty-nine male and 55 female undergraduate students were given an opportunity to volunteer for experimental participation. Statistically significant differences in the mean amounts of past self-disclosures appeared. Male volunteers were higher in self-disclosure than male nonvolunteers. Females showed the relationship mediated by other factors. An interpretation of these findings suggests that the potential subject views the experiment as a self-revealing situation. Individuals may vary in their attraction to self-revealing situations; this variation can introduce an uncontrolled bias into experimental studies.

Utilizing survey data for demonstrators at a national antinuclear rally (N=420), as well as a thematic review of the antinuclear literature, this paper examines ideological consensus and diversity evident in the national protest over nuclear power. Our findings reveal a significant amount of overlap between the ideological themes of the movement and the individual beliefs of antinuclear demonstrators. While the demonstrators display a diversity of opinion in their reasons for opposing nuclear power, there is a consensus of belief that future solutions entail shutting down nuclear plants and replacing them with alternative energy sources and conservation programs. Moreover, there is a consensus of belief among demonstrators regarding the values underlying their rationale for movement participation, values that both challenge and incorporate larger dominant beliefs of American society. The implications of these findings for movement theories are suggested.

No abstract

Literature on religious conversion contains turnabout and ritualistic explanations. This paper examines the nature of the contemporary religious revival or crusade and finds evidence that revival conversions are ritualistic, integrative events. Crusaders are overwhelmingly church members and frequent church attenders. The Graham organization carefully structures the conversion process through local community organization, counselors, screening questions, literature, and church referrals. The crusade also emphasizes the integration of dependent‐aged youth.

No abstract