The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of anticipated performance on self-attribution. Subjects were asked to take a test of social perceptiveness containing S sample and 10 official questions. Half of the subjects were led to do well on the sample questions, while half were led to do poorly. Half of the subjects anticipated continuing with the official questions, while half did not. In addition, all of the subjects were faced with a successful other. Subjects were asked to make causal attributions to both themselves and to the other. Consistent with previous research, subjects who failed assigned causality for their performance to external factors. They also viewed themselves as less motivated and the task as less important than successful subjects. As predicted, subjects who anticipated future performance attributed significantly less ability to themselves than subjects who did not. In addition, they viewed the task as more difficult and their resources as less adequate than subjects in the nonanticipation condition. While Success-Failure and Anticipation-Nonanticipation produced strong effects on self-attribution, they had relatively little impact on the subjects' attributions about a successful other.1 The authors would like to thank Nancy Coates and Katherine Ou for their assistance in collecting the data and Jack W. Brehm for critical comments on the manuscript.

Thirty-three patients treated primarily with surgical excision of pulmonary metastases from breast cancer were compared with 30 patients treated primarily with systemic chemohormonal therapy. Treatment for patients in the surgical group included pulmonary resection alone in 20, resection plus adjuvant systemic therapy in nine, and resection plus adjuvant radiation therapy in four. Treatment for patients in the medical group included systemic therapy alone in 22 and systemic therapy plus local radiation therapy in eight. Mean survival in the surgical group was significantly longer than that in the medical group, even when only those patients who manifested single pulmonary nodules were compared (58 months vs 34 months). The overall 5-year survival rate after treatment of lung metastasis was significantly greater for the surgical group than for the medical group (36% vs 11%). The results of this study indicate that surgical resection should be considered in patients with breast cancer who develop operable pulmonary metastases without evidence for concomitant extrapulmonary disease. In selected patients, such therapy may result in a survival benefit.

Ketamine, when used in subhypnotic dosages, may be an useful adjuvant to propofol sedation.

In 19 patients with severe Parkinson's disease, we replicated the surgical procedures developed by Madrazo et al. for transplantation of the adrenal medulla to the striatum, and followed them for six months after operation. We monitored their motor function with the use of standardized scales and determined the amount and quality of "on" and "off" time (the hours of the waking day when the antiparkinsonian medications were effective and ineffective, respectively). We found significant improvement in focal areas of motor function. The mean percentage of on time during the day increased from 47.6 percent to 75.0 percent (P = 0.012); the mean percentage of on time without chorea increased from 26.6 percent to 59.2 percent (P = 0.006); the mean severity of off time decreased as assessed by both the Activities of Daily Living subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Scale (P = 0.002) and the Schwab and England scale (P = 0.037). In contrast to the finding of Madrazo et al., however, the dosages of antiparkinsonian medications could not be decreased and postoperative morbidity was substantial. Despite cautious optimism, we conclude that the widespread use of this procedure outside of research centers is premature, since the improvement we found was slighter than in the previous cases.