Typological considerations both of phonemic structure and of phonemic change call for a restatement of the system of primitive Indo-European stops. The two series so far taken to be voiced and voiceless are reinterpreted as glottalized and voiceless aspirate, respectively. The languages believed to have undergone major consonant shifts (Germanic, Armenian, Hittite) turn out to be very conservative as far as their consonant systems are concerned.
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