TemperaTura de incubação e razão sexual em filhoTes recém-eclodidos da TarTaruga marinha ErEtmochElys imbricata (linnaeus, 1766) no município do ipojuca, pernambuco, brasil Thyara n. simões 1 arley c. da silva 2 ednilza m. dos sanTos 3 crisTiano a. chagas 4 ABSTRACTThe development of sex in sea turtles is determined by the temperature incubation of the eggs (TSD -Temperature dependent Sex Determination). For Eretmochelys imbricata species, very little is known about the sex ratio of spawning which occur in the southern coast of Pernambuco. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between sexual development and temperature incubation of nests of hawksbill turtles deposited in Merepe Beach County Ipojuca, Pernambuco. The temperature data were collected from nine nests during the months from January to June 2013, with the aid of registers type temperature data loggers (Onset Computer Model, UA-001-08). The average recorded for nests sampled depending on the incubation period and temperature were 54 days and 31.68°C. Based on these results, the nests showed a strong trend towards the development of females, with the sex ratio, estimated by histological analysis, 86.53% for females. So the beach Merepe has temperatures that provide greater differentiation of newborn females. However, more detailed studies should be carried out with the intention of verifying whether these results can be obtained for any ipojucano coast.
ABSTRACT. Sea turtle hatchlings, in natural abiotic conditions, emerge from their nests at night and go directly to the sea, following the moonlight's reflection in the ocean. Increased human activities such as tourism and artificial lights on the coasts, however, have interfered with the ability of sea turtle neonates to find their correct destination, negatively affecting their survival rates. Here we endeavored to assess the influence of artificial lights on the hatchlings of the sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the south coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. To that end, 10 experiments were conducted with 15 hatchlings/test subjects. Five experiments took place in artificially illuminated areas and five in non-illuminated areas. Circles with a 2 m radius were drawn on the sand a small 2-3 cm depression was made at the center of each circles. The neonates were then placed in the depressions to simulate their coming from a nest. After the neonates crossed the edge of the circles, their tracks were photographed and drawn on a diagram. To ascertain if the trajectories of the neonates differed between the two groups (hatchlings from illuminated versus non-illuminated nests), the Rayleigh test was used. The significance of those differences was tested using ANOVA. To evaluate similarities and significance of clusters, a Multi-Dimensional Scaling was used. The tracks of 86.67% (N = 65) of the hatchlings from nests at illuminated areas departed from their correct trajectory.The distribution of trajectories was considered random (V = 19.4895, p > 0.05) only for tracks originating from artificially illuminated areas. The movement patterns of hatchlings from illuminated and non-illuminated areas differed significantly (F < 0.0001, p < 0.01). Consistent with this, two distinct groups were identified, one from illuminated and one from non-illuminated areas. Therefore, we conclude that artificial illumination impacts the orientation of hawksbill hatchlings. This suggests that in order to protect this species it is necessary to safeguard its nesting areas from artificial lights.
No nordeste do Brasil, os encalhes de tartarugas marinhas têm sido um instrumento importante de pesquisa para avaliação de impactos negativos que vem ocorrendo nas regiões costeiras. O despejo de poluentes e resíduos sólidos no mar, a exploração dos recursos pesqueiros e a degradação de áreas costeiras tem sido as principais causas para o declínio de população de animais ameaçados como as tartarugas marinhas na costa do Brasil. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo, analisar os encalhes de tartarugas marinhas no litoral do Ipojuca, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento dos encalhes nas praias do Ipojuca, desde setembro de 2008 a junho de 2016, através de informações no banco de dados da Organização não Governamental Ecoassociados, bem como o monitoramento de 12 km dessas praias, entre os meses de setembro de 2015 a junho de 2016. Os animais encontrados mortos ou debilitados foram identificados e avaliados quanto a localização em relação a praia, sexo, faixa etária, estado de conservação da carcaça, evidência de interação antropogênica, presença de tumores, presença de anilhas e evidência de interação com outra fauna. Um total de 418 encalhe foram documentados, esses distribuídos em 16,98% de tartarugas não identificadas, 4,41% de tartaruga cabeçuda, 7,05% de tartaruga de pente, 24,11% de tartaruga oliva, destacando a tartaruga verde (Chelonia mydas) como a espécie com maior número de registro (64,4%) de encalhes na costa do Ipojuca. Quanto à faixa etária, os juvenis (n=197) foram mais representativos que os adultos (n=143) e fêmeas (n=113) foram mais expressivas que os machos (n=30). A praia de Merepe obteve maior número de encalhes (n=131). Cerca de 20% das carcaças estavam com a presença de cracas e 11,11% apresentando tumores com indicativo de fibropapiloma, sendo exclusivo para C. mydas. Sendo assim, é necessário repensar em ações direcionadas para conservação das espécies, evidenciando a educação ambiental e a fiscalização como uma das principais medidas.
Marine turtle nesting areas are characterized by receiving several females every year. The species Eretmochelys imbricata, known as hawksbill turtle is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, and has been the target of studies on genetic structure and population diversity in nesting areas. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and haplotype composition of populations sampled in nesting areas from the coast of northeastern Brazil based on the mtDNA D-loop region. We used genetic information and compared it with data from feeding areas available in public databases. We recorded a total of six exclusive haplotypes in the nesting areas and 27 exclusive haplotypes for the feeding areas. The H_1 haplotype was shared in all nesting areas. The turtles of these regions had a low diversity and a genetic structure composed of five divergent groups separating the reproductive areas from the ones of feeding areas. Positive and significant geographical distance relationships were also recorded with FST values (r = 0.2302, p = 0.007). Our results revealed that hawksbill turtles from reproductive areas comprise a single population that needs management strategies to protect the threatened species, in addition to providing information that contributes to future actions for the species conservation.
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