Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.

Located in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, South of São Paulo State, the Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB) shelters more than 37,000 ha of Atlantic Forest in one of the most important and large remnants of this Biome in Brazil. In the Park the Montane and Submontane rain forests are the predominant types of forests. Aiming to organize the available floristic information and to orient future surveys, this study presents the list of native vascular species of the PECB forests. Besides authors´ personal collections, more than 3,900 records since 1967 were compiled. Coming from different sources of information, these records were checked for the presence of botanical synonyms and new combinations. A total of 1,143 species belonging to 528 genera and 140 families were listed (other 63 species were not included because they were non-native or of doubtful occurrence/determination). There was a great richness of Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Melastomataceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae and Bromeliaceae. Although high species richness was found, the richness of herbs, lianas and epiphytes are certainly underestimated and future surveys will add many species to the list presented here. In addition, more than 60 endangered species were found, mainly among the Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Gesneriaceae families. Therefore, these results put the PECB among the most species-rich conservation units of São Paulo state with great relevance to national conservancy of plant diversity.

RESUMOO uso de poleiros artificiais é uma técnica eficiente para a restauração florestal. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: (1) avaliar o efeito da presença de poleiros artificiais no número de sementes florestais depositadas em coletores; (2) identificar as síndromes de dispersão das sementes, e (3) analisar o efeito da distância da borda da floresta no aporte de sementes. As atividades de campo foram realizadas no município de Iguaba Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram instalados 70 coletores de sementes (com 0,50 m de diâmetro) distribuídos em transectos distantes paralelamente 5, 15 e 35 m da borda da floresta em área de pasto abandonado e em um transecto de 10 m no interior da floresta. Cada transecto fora do fragmento recebeu dez coletores, instalados sob poleiros artificiais, e dez coletores, instalados sem poleiro. No interior do fragmento foram instalados dez coletores, sem presença de poleiro artificial. Durante três semanas de amostragem foram coletadas 418 sementes, sendo 242 zoocóricas (57,9%) e 176 anemocóricas (42,1%). A média de sementes com presença de poleiro artificial foi de 7,4 (± 3,9) sementes/m 2 /mês, enquanto na ausência de poleiro artificial, a média foi de foi de 1,7 (± 1,8) sementes/m 2 /mês, considerando simultaneamente sementes anemocóricas e zoocóricas. Diferentes distâncias da borda da floresta, até 35 m, não influenciaram no aporte de sementes zoocóricas e anemocóricas. A presença de poleiros artificiais levou a um aporte 118 vezes maior de sementes zoocóricas quando comparada aos coletores sem poleiros. Poleiros artificiais podem funcionar como estrutura catalisadora da restauração florestal, com significativo incremento no aporte de sementes zoocóricas. Palavras-chave: chuva de sementes; zoocoria; anemocoria; sucessão; regeneração florestal. ABSTRACTThe use of artificial perches is an efficient technique to forest restoration. We aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of the presence of artificial perches on the number of forest seeds deposited on seed fall collectors, (2) identify the seed dispersal syndromes, and (3) to analyze the effect of distance from the forest border on seed input. Field work was performed in the municipality of Iguaba Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We installed 70 seed fall collectors (with diameter of 0.50 m) distributed in transects parallelly distant 5, 15 e 35 m from the forest border in abandoned pasture, and in one transect 10 m from the border, in the forest interior. Each transect outside the forest patch received ten seed fall collectors, installed under artificial perches, and ten seed fall collectors, installed without perches. In the forest interior, we installed ten collectors. During three weeks of sampling, we obtained 418 seeds, classified into 242 zoochoric seeds (57.9%) and 176 anemochoric seeds (42.1%). The average seed with the presence of artificial perch was 7.4 (± 3.9) seeds/m 2 /month while in the absence of artificial perch the average was 1.7 (± 1.8) seeds/m 2 /month, considering anemochoric and zoochoric seeds. Different distan...

RESUMOEm sementes de espécies florestais, geralmente ocorre grande variação no desempenho germinativo em relação aos substratos em laboratório, sendo necessário determinar o tipo de substrato que proporciona a melhor germinação para cada espécie florestal. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento de germinação (porcentagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação -IVG) das sementes da leguminosa florestal Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (Fabaceae -Mimosoideae), submetidas a diferentes substratos (areia, papel filtro e vermiculita). Os substratos que demonstraram maiores valores de IVG foram vermiculita e papel filtro, sendo que a vermiculita também propiciou maior porcentagem de germinação, indicando que esse substrato é o mais adequado para testes de germinação de sementes de A. peregrina.Palavras-chave: espécie florestal, Anadenanthera peregrina, germinação, substrato de germinação. Seed Germination of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. with Different Substrates under Laboratory Conditions ABSTRACTIn seeds of forest species, usually there is a great variation in the seed germination performance in relation to the substrate in laboratory, so it is necessary to determine the type of substrate which allows a better germination for each forest species. This study aimed at evaluating the behavior of seed germination (percentage of germination and index of germination speed -IVG) of the legume forest species Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (Fabaceae -Mimosoideae), submitted to different substrates (sand, filter paper and vermiculite). The substrates that demonstrated higher values of IVG were vermiculite and filter paper, and vermiculite also allowed higher percentage of germination, indicating that this substrate is the most adequate for germination tests of seeds of A. peregrina.

This study aimed to analyze the physical properties of the seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum when processed by mini-SAS, X-ray and seed blower systems. The seeds were purchased from Seeds Caiçara, located in Penápolis-SP. After purchase, the seed lot was characterized by standard tests. In the X-ray test the seeds were classified according to their internal morphology as filled, unfilled or malformed. The seed blower was set at six opening settings, resulting in light and heavy fractions. The evaluations were performed by weighing the seeds that remained in the blower (heavy fraction) and by the amount of filled seeds indicated by the X-ray test. The germination tests were composed of four replicates of 50 seeds. The mini-SAS was used for external evaluation. It was concluded that the combined use of the seed blower and the X-ray test was efficient for the evaluation and determination of the physical quality of the seeds of M. polymorphum. The seed blower at opening settings 5 resulted in the best lot quality. The external parameters were not able to qualitatively evaluate the seeds of M. polymorphum.