Federal conservation units (FCU) are areas legally established by the government, in order to meet the needs of protection and sustainable exploitation of biodiversity. A way to ensure the efficiency of public management is to systematize data. Therefore, the present study grouped and analyzed public data about FCU. Brazil has 309 federal conservation units, which represent 9.06% of the national territory and 45305 residents households. The Northern Region covers 84.80% of these families and 79.20% of its area belongs to FCU. The Amazônia biome has 14.57% of its territory occupied by FCU; on the other hand, Pantanal has only 0.98% of its area protected. There is a higher concentration of public agents in the FCU of the Southeastern region and in the Mata Atlântica biome. The analysis of this information reveals significant differences between the biomes and the federation units, a fact that reflects the importance of the organization of public data.

Allelopathy is an important mechanism by which plants release allelochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the allelopathic effect of extracts of fruit tree leaves (orange, mango, jabuticaba and guava trees) on the germination and seedling development of different weeds (morning glory and beggartick) and vegetable crops (lettuce and cabbage). The FGC and G were evaluated. After germination, SDM and SL were measured. In general, first germination counting (FGC) and G (germination) were decreased for all species conducted with the allelopathic extracts in relation to the control. Mango extract reduced the FGC of morning glory in 20 p.p.m. The G of beggartick reduced to 0%, while cabbage and lettuce germination was not affected. The highest reduction on FGC was observed in lettuce using jabuticaba extract, usinf 9 p.p.m, compared to the control. The extracts reduced the G of morning glory and beggartick, respectively, in between 5 and 11 p.p. Jabuticaba extract reduced significantly the G of morning glory and beggartick. The development of morning glory and beggartick was negatively affected by allelopathic extracts. The G of morning glory and beggartick is affected by the jabuticaba extract. The development of cabbage seedling was affected when all extracts were used and guava extract affected the length of cabbage seedlings. Mango extract has potential to control morning glory and beggartick in established lettuce and cabbage fields. Mango, orange, jabuticaba and guava extracts have the potential to control weeds on lettuce established fields. Guava extract is not indicated to control weeds on cabbage cultivated fields.

O cultivo de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) tem sido dificultado devido às interferências das plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se verificar o efeito da interferência de seis diferentes espécies invasoras (Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Eleusine indica, Ipomoea grandifolia, Uruchloa brizantha e Uruchloa ruziziensis) na qualidade e produtividade de dois cultivares de grão-de-bico (BRS Aleppo e FLIP 86-77c). A interferência das plantas daninhas reduziu o período vegetativo de ambos os cultivares. A espécie Uruchloa ruziziensis influenciou negativamente o número de vagens do cultivar BRS Aleppo sugerindo ser prejudicial ao cultivo. Além disso, os resultados indicaram que há relação entre o período de convivência e o nível de infestação no número de grãos por vagem e peso de cem grãos. Contudo, apesar de todas as espécies daninhas terem afetado a produtividade dos cultivares, tal efeito foi mais sobressalente no cultivar FLIP 86-77c, sobretudo na presença de C. benghalensis, U. brizantha e U. ruzizinsis. O teor de nutrientes no grão variou de acordo com a espécie daninha analisada. C. benghalensis, E. indica, U. brizantha e U. ruziziensis apresentam maior potencial de competição, sendo responsáveis pelos maiores danos na produtividade e nas características qualitativas dos grãos.

The osmopriming technique can reduce the period between sowing and the emergence of seedlings in the field, as well as favor seed performance under stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of osmopriming on the physiological performance and antioxidative enzymatic activity of sunflower seeds with different vigor levels and exposed to thermal stress. Three sunflower seed lots of the cultivar Hélio 250 were used. Initially, the seeds were evaluated by germination and vigor tests to characterize the lots. Subsequently, they were primed in a polyethylene glycol 6000 solution at -2.0 MPa and 15 °C for 8 h. Then, the primed and unprimed seeds were tested for physiological quality (germination, first germination count, percentage and emergence speed index of seedlings, and seedling dry matter) and determination of the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POX) under three temperatures: 15 °C (sub-optimal), 25 °C (optimal), and 35 °C (supra-optimal). The physiological tests allowed classifying lots 1, 2, and 3 into three different vigor levels, i.e., high, medium, and low, respectively. Osmopriming favored the performance of sunflower seeds in terms of germination and vigor at all the analyzed temperatures. This effect was more pronounced in lots of lower physiological quality at sub-optimal and supra-optimal temperatures. Sub-and supra-optimal temperatures led to a reduction in the physiological performance of seeds, mainly in less vigorous lots. In general, osmopriming favored an increase in the activity of the enzymes SOD, CAT, POX, and APX, mainly in low vigor seeds exposed to sub and supra-optimal temperatures. Osmopriming of sunflower seeds in PEG 6000 at -2.0 MPa for 8 hours is efficient to improve the performance of less vigorous lots under stress due to the sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, favoring an increase in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidative system.