2015): Research on a new electrochemical method combined with chemical coagulation in removal of lead, zinc, and copper from wastewater, Desalination and Water Treatment,Research on a new electrochemical method with iron electrodes and aluminum electrodes for removal of lead, zinc, and copper from wastewater was studied. Several parameters such as initial pH, hydraulic retention time, mass of Fe/C, applied voltage, and particle diameter of Fe/C were studied to achieve a high removal capacity. The results indicated that the new electrochemical method using aluminum electrodes or iron electrodes for removal efficiency of lead, zinc, and copper are very high. But the lifetime of aluminum electrodes is smaller than 2.44 times the lifetime of iron electrodes. The optimal condition of the new electrochemical method was achieved in two iron electrodes, an initial pH of 4-6, a hydraulic retention time of 75 min, a mass of Fe/C of 125 g, an applied voltage of 10 V, and a particle diameter of Fe/C of 20-27 mesh. At this optimal condition and the initial concentration of ions of 50 mg/L, the residual concentration of lead, zinc, and copper are 0.548, 0.886, and 0.588 mg/L, respectively. The treated wastewater continues the use of chemical coagulation method to adjust the solution pH value of 9. After all treatment processes have been completed, the effluent wastewater is very clear and its quality exceeds the direct discharge standard.

The effect of electrolysis-enhanced micro-electrolysis fluidized bed technology on treating cooper-containing wastewater had been systematic researched. Operation conditions including applied flow rate, voltage, solution pH and reaction time on the copper ions (Cu2+) removal effect, had been studied scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis had been used to characterize the surface features of copper crystals in the fillers surface. The results show that the Cu2+ mainly removed by electrochemical deposition, the optimum operation conditions are: flow rate is 22mm/s, voltage is 12V, initial pH=4, the response time of 30 min.

This study was performed to determine the feasibility of enhancing removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions using an iron-carbon internal micro-electrolysis (ICIME) followed by iron hydroxide self-flocculation (IHSF) process. Results shown that the Zn2+ removal using ICIME was improved by IHSF significantly. The pH=3, mass ratio of Fe/AC=2: 1, hydraulic reaction time=30min of ICIME and pH=9, both aeration time and static placing time were 60min of IHSF were proposed as the optimum conditions. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency and residual concentration of Zn2+ from lead and zinc smelting wastewater were reached 99.10%, 1.32mg/L. Meanwhile, other metal ions and the F- also were removed effectively. Lead and zinc smelting wastewater could meet the discharging standard (integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996)) of China. The Zn2+ removal was significantly influenced by other metal ions existing in aqueous solutions. Contrast and breakthrough time experiment indicated the Compare with single Fe and ICIME, ICIME followed by IHSF have a higher efficiency and bearing capacity for Zn2+ removal. ICIME removal of Zn2+ enhanced by IHSF is a feasible method.

A lead-resistant strains was isolated from activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant in Chenggong County, Kunming, which was identified as Klebsiella by 16 SrDNA. The wet microbial cells were used as adsorbent, we studied adsorption properties for water Pb (II) ions in water of sorbent. The results showed that when the adsorbent treated the waste water with Pb (II) ions, the pH was 5, the time was 60min, the temperature was 30°C, the equilibrium adsorption amount was 73.45mg/g; Adsorbent’s adsorption of Pb (II) ions can better fit Langmuir isotherm model. The FT-IR result presented that the main component of adsorbent was polysaccharide, the physical adsorption and chemisorption occurred between the adsorbent and the Pb (II) ions in the solution, adsorption mainly involved with hydroxyl functional groups, the amide group and the carboxyl group, etc.

Profiting from product innovation is important for firm success. However, factors affecting the link between product innovation and firm performance is still unclear according to the previous empirical findings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce internal relation-based contingency of firm's linkage capability and external environment based contingency of market turbulence to analyze their moderating effect on the relationship between product innovation and firm performance. The empirical analysis is conducted with the survey data collected from 196 firms in Jilin province of China. The findings show that firm's close linkage capability with customers, suppliers, competitors and other firms within the same industry positively moderates the relationship between product innovation and firm performance while external market turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between product innovation and firm performance. The results implicate, in order to maximize the positive influence of product innovation on firm performance, firms should continuously exploit social capital and monitor external environment.