Unlike somatic cells mitosis, germ cell meiosis consists of 2 consecutive rounds of division that segregate homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids, respectively. The meiotic oocyte is characterized by an absence of centrioles and asymmetric division. Centriolin is a relatively novel centriolar protein that functions in mitotic cell cycle progression and cytokinesis. Here, we explored the function of centriolin in meiosis and showed that it is localized to meiotic spindles and concentrated at the spindle poles and midbody during oocyte meiotic maturation. Unexpectedly, knockdown of centriolin in oocytes with either siRNA or Morpholino micro-injection, did not affect meiotic spindle organization, cell cycle progression, or cytokinesis (as indicated by polar body emission), but led to a failure of peripheral meiotic spindle migration, large polar body emission, and 2-cell like oocytes. These data suggest that, unlike in mitotic cells, the centriolar protein centriolin does not regulate cytokinesis, but plays an important role in regulating asymmetric division of meiotic oocytes.

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (GenBank accession number KT182067) by the long PCR and primer walking method. The mitochondrial genome is a typical circular DNA molecule of 15 511 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a A + T-rich region (D-loop). The order of 37 genes was typical of insect mitochondrial DNA sequences described to date. The base composition of the genome is A (39.17%), T (37.24%), C (14.22%), and G (9.37%) with an A + T-rich hallmark as that of other invertebrate mitochondrial genomes. All protein-coding genes start with ATN codon and terminate with the stop codon T (AA) or TAG. The A + T-rich region is located between 12S rRNA and tRNA(Ile). In this study, the phylogenetic relationships of Coleoptera species were constructed based on the nucleotides sequences of 13 PCGs of mitogenomes. The molecular-based phylogeny supported the traditional morphological classification on relationships within Coleoptera species.

The degradation of phenol was demonstrate with a novel two-layer type cathode (TTC). For the fabrication of TTC, chitosan was firstly deposited on foam nickel, then one piece of the resulting foam-Ni film and one piece of nanographite(Nano-G) composite film were fasten to obtain the two-layer type nano-G︱foam-Ni cathode. The electrolysis phenol was conducted by self-made cathode and the Ti/IrO2/RuO2 anode in the diaphragm cell. The results showed that in the diaphragm electrolysis system with the aeration conditions, the degradation rate of phenol reached 97.15% under 120min’s electrolysis, when current density was 39 mA/cm2, initial pH value was 12 and electrolyte concentration was 0.1 mol/L. This two-layer type cathode could be reused without catalytic activity decrease, suggesting its potential application in the wastewater treatment.

Red pepper oil is a kind of condiment used in the food factories, and its spicy degree can be reflected by the content of capsaicin. However, the classification method of red pepper oil is too subjective to be applied in food factories. In our work, a sensitivity electrochemical sensor for detecting capsaicin was constructed based on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) assisted reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The results showed that the introduction of β-CD made rGO more dispersed, increasing the electrochemical active surface area of β-CD/rGO, thus improving the charge transfer rate. Furthermore, polycyclodextrin with selective recognition ability was dispersed on the surface of rGO, providing the possibility of capsaicin enrichment on the surface of the sensor. Based on these reasons, the sensor had a lower detection limit (0.05 µg/mL), and the acceptable stability and anti-interference. Most importantly, β-CD/rGO/GCE displayed a satisfactory recovery rate (94.83% ~ 115.75%) in the detection of red pepper oil, and there was no statistical significance difference between this method and the LC-MS method.

The Hongyuan breed Yak (Bos grunniens) belongs to a member of t the subfamily Bovinae. We provide a complete mitogenome of B. grunniens and analyze its phylogenetic relationship with other related species. Its mitogenome is a circular molecule with 16,322 bp in size, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a non-coding control region (D-loop, CR) that are conserved in most Bovidae mitogenomes. The total base composition of the B. grunniens mitogenome is 33.67% A, 27.29% T, 25.84% C, and 13.20% G. The gene composition, structure and the arrangement for B. grunniens are similar to those of most other Bovidae species. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes of 30 close species with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood based on 13 proteincoding genes indicated that B. grunniens breed Hongyuan is more closely related to B. grunniens breed Qinghai Plateau than to B. grunniens breed Xuedong and B. grunniens breed Maiwa. The complete mitogenome of B. grunniens breed Hongyuan provides a potentially useful resource for further exploration of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Bovinae and related species.