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Studying the gradient differentiation of rural ecological land (REL) from a microscopic perspective is conducive to the pattern optimization, scientific control, and protection of REL. This has far-reaching significance for the improvement of village appearance and the delineation of an ecological safety network. Taking Longxi County as an example, this research studied the spatial pattern of REL based on the landscape pattern index and analyzed the multi-dimensional gradient spatial differentiation characteristics of REL. Therefore, we can clarify the impact of natural and human factors on EL under different gradients. The results show 1) the rural ecological background conditions of Longxi County are good, and the area of ecological land (EL) accounts for 90.45% of the total area of the county; 2) there are significant differences between the spatial feature index and spatial pattern of REL in Longxi County. Its diversity, dominance, and shape index were mainly at low and medium levels. The degrees of fragmentation were mainly at low and high levels; and 3) the REL in Longxi County has different evolution laws in different gradients.

In order to break away from the overreliance on a single industry and the simple supply of agricultural products, rural multifunctional research has gradually received public attention. To a certain extent, multifunctional classification governance paths can enhance rural competitiveness and land use efficiency and alleviate the problems of local poverty and unbalanced development in rural regions. Based on the theory of rural multifunctionality, this paper reveals the spatial characteristics and coordination of rural multifunctionality at the township scale, analyzes the barrier functions of different regions, and clarifies the direction of rural development using the rural assessment method, the trade-off synergy model, and the dysfunctional diagnostic model, taking Yongchang County in the western corridor of China as an example. On this basis, we further discuss the path selection of rural governance in northwest China. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of rural functions has pronounced heterogeneity, with better life security functions and ecological background functions, and similar spatial patterns; economic development functions are on the low side, showing the divergent characteristics of enhancement from the township center to the surrounding area. The functions of agricultural production are low, and the spatial distribution is similar to that for the living guarantee function. (2) The living guarantee function has a strong trade-off effect on the ecological background function, and the living guarantee and ecological background functions have a synergistic effect on the agricultural development function. (3) We classified types of villages according to the intensity index of village function trade-offs and clarified the functional development characteristics of each administrative village. The incompatibility of village functions caused by different demands is the root hinderance to the development of villages.