Studying the differences in the township gradient of rural construction land structures at the microscale is beneficial for the adjustment of rural construction land structure based on local conditions and differentiation, for the classification and guidance of the scientific planning and management of rural construction land, and for improving the level of intensive use of rural construction land. In this study, we took 268 administrative villages of Yuzhong County in the Loess Hilly Region as the research object and conducted research on the internal structure and gradient difference of rural construction land from two aspects: quantitative structure and spatial layout. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the distribution of rural construction land has significant connection with the river and road. The land structure of the county is simple, with large differences in area and uneven quantities between different types; (2) the shape of a rural construction land patch is complicated, with a high degree of fragmentation. The spatial agglomeration is not significant, and there is a significant difference between “east-west-north-south” in space; (3) the rural construction land has a significant gradient effect at the township level. In terms of quantitative structure, the closer the construction land is to key towns and central towns, the more complex the construction land, the higher the information entropy as well as the equilibrium degree, and the lower the dominant degree. Moreover, the spatial layout shows an upward trend in the fractal dimension, fragmentation degree and separation degree when the level of the township decreases.

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In order to break away from the overreliance on a single industry and the simple supply of agricultural products, rural multifunctional research has gradually received public attention. To a certain extent, multifunctional classification governance paths can enhance rural competitiveness and land use efficiency and alleviate the problems of local poverty and unbalanced development in rural regions. Based on the theory of rural multifunctionality, this paper reveals the spatial characteristics and coordination of rural multifunctionality at the township scale, analyzes the barrier functions of different regions, and clarifies the direction of rural development using the rural assessment method, the trade-off synergy model, and the dysfunctional diagnostic model, taking Yongchang County in the western corridor of China as an example. On this basis, we further discuss the path selection of rural governance in northwest China. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of rural functions has pronounced heterogeneity, with better life security functions and ecological background functions, and similar spatial patterns; economic development functions are on the low side, showing the divergent characteristics of enhancement from the township center to the surrounding area. The functions of agricultural production are low, and the spatial distribution is similar to that for the living guarantee function. (2) The living guarantee function has a strong trade-off effect on the ecological background function, and the living guarantee and ecological background functions have a synergistic effect on the agricultural development function. (3) We classified types of villages according to the intensity index of village function trade-offs and clarified the functional development characteristics of each administrative village. The incompatibility of village functions caused by different demands is the root hinderance to the development of villages.