Background Aloin exerts considerable protective effects in various disease models, and its effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury remains unknown. This research is aimed at conducting an in-depth investigation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis effects of aloin in HIR injury and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods In vivo, different concentrations of aloin were intraperitoneally injected 1 h before the establishment of the HIR model in male mice. The hepatic function, pathological status, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and apoptosis markers were measured. In vitro, aloin (AL, C21H22O9) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to a culture of mouse primary hepatocytes before it underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and the apoptosis in the mouse primary hepatocytes was analyzed. Results We found that 20 mg/kg was the optimum concentration of aloin for mitigating I/R-induced liver tissue damage, characterized by decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Aloin pretreatment substantially suppressed the generation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 and enhanced the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and IL-10 levels in the liver tissue of I/R mice; this indicated that aloin ameliorated I/R-induced liver damage by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Moreover, aloin inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response that was caused by the upregulated expression of Bcl-2, the downregulated expression of cleaved caspase3(C-caspase3), Bax, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), FADD, MyD88, TRAF6, phosphorylated IKKα/β (p-IKKα/β), and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65).

No abstract

Background Growing evidence indicates that systemic immune inflammation index (SII) can predict the prognosis of various solid tumors. The objective of this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SII in predicting the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) patients after radical surgery. Methods A consecutive series of 93 patients with GBC who underwent radical resection were enrolled in the retrospective study. The cutoff value for the SII was calculated using the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis by overall survival (OS) prediction. The associations between the SII and the clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using Pearson's χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of preoperative parameters. The multivariate Cox regression proportional hazard model was used to assess variables significant on univariate analysis. Results The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the multivariate analysis of patients with GBC who received radical resection showed SII independently predicted OS. The univariate analysis showed that the TNM stage, SII, CA19‐9, ALP, prealbumin, NLR, MLR, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological type were all associated with overall survival. In time‐dependent ROC analysis, the area of the SII‐CA19‐9 under the ROC curve (AUC) was higher than that of the preoperative SII or CA19‐9 levels for the prediction of OS. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that high SII was a predictor of poor long‐term outcomes among patients with GBC undergoing curative surgery. SII‐CA19‐9 classification may be more effective in predicting the postoperative prognosis of GBC patients.

No abstract