Background and Objective: Since its introduction in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1980s, Cassava Mosaic Disease has so far continued to cause damage to cassava production in the country. This study aimed to characterize cassava mosaic diseaseʼs pathogens and emphasize current concerns in three major cassava-producing regions for better disease control. Materials and Methods: Two hundred cassava leaf samples comprising symptomatic infection and healthy characteristics from improved and traditional varieties were collected in the departments of Bouaké, Yamoussoukro and Daloa from 2019-2020 in rainy and dry seasons. These leaves were subjected to molecular analyses. Cassava Mosaic Diseaseʼs prevalence and severity were evaluated. All data were analyzed with software R, version 3.3.1. Results: Cassava Mosaic Disease overall phenotypic prevalence was 43.37% and almost equally distributed in all investigated departments. After the molecular diagnostic, the infection rate reached 77.7% for symptomatic plants and 34.28% for asymptomatic plants. The severity scores in traditional and improved varieties were S2, S3 and S4 but S2 were the most frequent. ACMV strains were the most detected while EACMV and co-infections showed the highest injury. Conclusion: The Cassava Mosaic Viruses largely present in all surveyed regions. Traditional varieties seem to be more resistant to infections and therefore require particular attention for virusesʼ control.

In the southwest of Mali, pastoral resources play an important role in the production and reproduction of livestock. These pastoral resources are very sensitive to climatic hazards and negatively affected their availability in quantity and quality. The main objective of this study was to analyze the risks and influences of climate hazards on pastoral resources and the strategies taken by agropastoralists to cope with them. To achieve this objective, meteorological data trends from 1950 to 2022 were analyzed. The socio-economic data were collected through a semi-structured survey administered to 404 head households, from focus groups through discussion with local stakeholders by using climatic risks matrix. The results obtained indicate a concordance between agropastoralists perception on climate change and meteorological observations concerning the decrease of rainfall (−213 mm; 63.3%), the increase of maximum and minimum temperature (+1.33˚C, +1.24˚C; 93.1%), and the increase of wind speed (+0.59 m/s; 97%) over the past 70 years. Respondents noted a deterioration in the conditions of pastoral resources due to climatic hazards compared to the last 40 years (44.8% for watering points; 23.5% for pastures; 63.1% for salty lands). Agro pastoralists have adopted measures that allow them to be resilient. These include the collection and storage of crop residues (49.5%), regular watering of animals (39.6%), changing of animals rhythms driving (35.9%), protection of pruning species (31.7%), and concerted reforestation (37.9%). Climatic risk-related hazards constitute a real threat to pastorals resources in the district of Bougouni.