Terrestrial vegetation directly controls the carbon and water cycle between the biosphere and atmosphere (Avise et al., 2009;Sanderson et al., 2003), and also constraints the material exchange and stomatal deposition of atmospheric composition (Papanatsiou et al., 2017;Yang et al., 2021), making terrestrial vegetation play an essential role in global climate and atmospheric chemistry. Ozone (O 3 ) is an important phytotoxic pollutant in the atmosphere (
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