HighlightsTraumatic cerebral microbleeds (TCMBS) can be identified using susceptibility weighted imaging in the first few hours after injury.TCMBs are a useful indicator of severity in this time frame.The presence of TCMBs is an early indicator of injury severity following trauma.There is a relationship between decreasing size of TCMBs and recovery.

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The most promising biomarker is tau-binding radionuclide PET signal because it is most specific to the underlying neuropathology and differentiated CTE from both controls and patients with Alzheimer disease (P < 0.0001). Multimodal imaging will improve specificity further. Future research should minimize variability in identification of suspected cases of CTE using published clinical criteria.