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Представлены результаты социологического исследования религиозности буддистов Монголии. В настоящее время наблюдаются противоречивые процессы изменения религиозной ситуации в Монголии. Религиозность является ключевой характеристикой состояния религии и требует всестороннего социологического анализа. Результаты исследования демонстрируют особенности религиозных практик, идей и представлений буддистов Монголии. В ходе исследования были выявлены особенности оценки респондентами роли буддизма и буддийских общин в стране.

Abstract. The paper is about the issue of Mongolia cooperation with foreign companies playing an important role in its foreign policy strategy and national security. At the beginning of the 1990s, having proclaimed a "multipillar" policy strategy in relations with the world, Ulaanbaatar tends to follow it in the economic cooperation not willing to give any preference to any country. It creates a situation of competition between foreign companies backed by their states, especially such great powers as Russia, China, the USA. The most tense moment in the struggle for the influence in Mongolia is the rivalry between the different discourses, pretending the exclusive right to nominate the most effective model of cooperation between Mongolia and foreign states in the ore-mining industry. Among the most well-defined discourses, there are three of them. China prefers to define the discourse of "economic feasibility". Western states, as a rule, tend to rely on the discourse of "values community", which includes such concepts as "democracy", "environmentally friendly", "transparency" Russia often uses the "geopolitical" discourse. In spite of the attractiveness and relative effectiveness of the discourse selected by Russia, there are certain limits to its use.

Based on the methodology of R. Merton, which is expounded in his work "Social Structure and Anomie", we have analyzed the main types of convicts' adjustment to detention facilities. The article describes the behavior patterns of convicts, reveals the motivation of behavior of various informal groups existing in prisons, as well as behavioral and group attitudes of convicted and their determinants. The results of a sociological study undertaken in places of deprivation of liberty allowed us to reveal the prevailing types of social adaptation of convicted in prisons.