We confirm the variation in cutaneous lesions and their time of onset in neonates. Transient and physiological changes are more frequent and disappeared spontaneously. Number of lesions/neonate was more in premature babies.

BACKGROUND The present study is undertaken to evaluate the results of patch test in 50 patients having hand and foot eczema attending skin OPD from October 2010 to September 2012 at KIMS, Narketpally. RESULTS Maximum number of cases in this study belong to 16-30 yrs. (46%).  In majority of cases, eczema was seen in both hands and feet (40%). Hand and foot eczema was commonly seen in construction workers (42.3%).  Mean duration of illness is 19.48 months.  42% of patients presented with acute eczema followed by subacute eczema (38%) and then chronic eczema (20%).  Personal and family history of atopy was seen in only 4% and 6%, respectively.  Hand and foot eczema (42.3%) was the commonest eczema followed by hand (30.74%) and then foot eczema (11.53%) and others (15.37%).  57.69% of patients are positive to more than one allergen and 42.3% were positive to single allergen.  Multiple allergens positivity is seen in construction workers (30.76%).  Potassium di chromate (28.5%) is the common allergen found in patch test followed by Parthenium (16.6%) followed by Paraphenylenediamine (14%) and then Cobalt sulphate and Thiuram mix (9.5%) and lastly Parabens mix, Nickel sulphate, Black rubber mix and Neomycin (4.7%).  Positive patch test is more commonly observed in patients having hands and or foot eczemas (42.30%). CONCLUSION Hand and foot eczema (42%) was the commonest eczema followed by hand (30%) and then foot eczema (11.5%) and others (15.3%). Potassium dichromate is the commonest sensitiser (28.8%). We encountered a high degree of patch test positivity in our study group and the Indian standard series proved to be very useful.

BACKGROUND Obesity is the accumulation of excess adipose tissue in the body to an extent that it impairs both physical and psychosocial health affecting nearly every system of the body. We wanted to study the prevalence of dermatological manifestations of obesity, their relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI), the prevalence, age and sex distribution. METHODS This study included two hundred new consecutive patients 18 years and above, attending the OPD of Department of DVL at a tertiary centre from August 2018 to June 2019, with BMI of more than 30 kilograms per square meter, waist circumference of > 90 centimeters (cm) in males and > 80 cm in females. Pregnant/lactating patients and immunocompromised patients were excluded. A detailed history and a thorough general and systemic examination were done. RESULTS There was a male preponderance with 111 male patients and 89 female patients, the male to female ratio being 1.24:1. Most of the patients (28.00 %) belonged to 51-60 years age group. The mean age of the study group was 56. Most of the patients were farmers (35.50 %). Most of the patients belonged to Grade-I obesity. Hyperinsulinaemia was seen in 89.50 %. Diabetes, hypertension and hypothyroidism were seen in 25.00 %, 21.00 % and 12.50 % respectively. Raised lipid profile was seen in 37 patients (18.50 %). Many patients had multiple conditions. The most common disorders in our study was acanthosis nigricans (83.50 %), followed by skin tags (72.00 %), stretch marks (70.50 %), dermatophytosis (36.00 %), acne vulgaris (31.00 %), patterned hair loss (30.50 %). Lupus vulgaris (2.00 %), molluscum contagiosum (1.50 %), verruca vulgaris (1.50 %), lymphoedema (1.00 %), scrofuloderma (0.50 %), pemphigus vulgaris (0.50 %) and lipodermatosclerosis (0.50 %) were seen in the least number of patients. Hirsutism was seen in 43 patients (48.31 % of female patients and 21.50 % of total patients). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the magnitude of the effect obesity has on the skin. The clinicians should consider BMI evaluation and waist and hip measurements as a crucial component of any dermatologic examination.

<p class="abstract">Sunscreens have been widely known to play an integral part in photoprotection. Both physical and chemical sunscreens have been extensively used for prevention and management of several conditions induced by ultraviolet rays such as sunburn, photoaging, skin cancer, and phototoxic reactions. Currently, sunscreens are available in different formulations like creams, lotions, gels, sticks, and sprays. Forty experts in the field of clinical dermatology participated in the expert group meetings organized via teleconference webinar to discuss definitions, diagnoses, and management. Current evidence on the use of sunscreen agents along with clinical experience of experts was discussed. The application of an adequate amount of sunscreen with an appropriate sun protection factor is imperative, and must be in accordance to skin type and exposure pattern of an individual. As part of a complete sun protection regimen, the judicious use of sunscreens must be combined with avoidance of midday sun exposure and protective clothing. There is an undeniable need to improve public education and awareness regarding use of sunscreens. This review article provides a consensus clinical viewpoint of expert dermatologists on effective use of sunscreens to assist in clinical decision-making for healthcare professionals.</p>

BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a physiological status of a woman. Every organ is adapting in order to accept another human body. The main changes occur in the endocrine, immune, metabolic and vascular systems. The skin is no exception. Many skin changes during pregnancy are considered to be normal or physiological including striae gravidarum or melasma. These physiological skin changes are usually well tolerated by the pregnant woman. There is no balance between these systems, however, and abnormalities can appear. Immunologic status of the woman plays an important role in the manifestations exhibited in the skin. Alterations of the skin during pregnancy can be classified as physiologic skin changes, changes in pre-existing skin diseases and specific dermatoses of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 200 pregnant women with skin manifestations attending Dermatology and Obstetric departments attached to Government General Hospital, Kurnool, were studied. 1. A detailed proforma was taken, which included: a. Detailed history including chief complaints related to skin. b. Onset in relation to duration of pregnancy. c. Complete general physical and systemic examination. d. Associated skin/medical disorders. 2. Investigations-CBP, CUE, RBS, LFT, HBsAg, VDRL, HIV 1 and 2 were done routinely. 3. KOH mount, saline mount and skin biopsy performed wherever required. Inclusion criteria-All pregnant women having skin lesions were included in the study irrespective of the duration of pregnancy and gravidity. Exclusion criteria-Pregnant women having any underlying medical diseases. All pregnant women attending antenatal OPD and those admitted into wards having symptoms related to skin and mucosa, at KIMS Hospital are studied. 1. Detailed history including chief complaints related to skin. 2. Onset in relation to duration of pregnancy. 3. Complete general physical and systemic examination. 4. Associated skin/medical disorders. 5. Investigations-CBP, CUE, RBS, LFT, HBsAg, VDRL, HIV 1 and 2 were done routinely. KOH mount and skin biopsy performed wherever required. 6. Proforma used to record the above information. RESULTS In this study, a total number of 200 women were enrolled. Pigmentation of the skin was the commonest change observed in 96% of the cases. Striae were observed in 99.1% of multipara women on abdomen where as they were observed in 89.2% of primies. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy were found in 11 out of 200 patients (5.5%). Pruritus gravidarum is the most frequent dermatosis occurring 4 out of 11 patients (36.36%). Prurigo gestationis was observed in 3 out of 11 patients (27.2%). Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy was observed in 2 out of 11 patients (18.8%). Among 200 patients examined, 42 diseases were diagnosed with respect to Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology in 134 patients. CONCLUSION This study emphasises the need for a scrupulous and meticulous search for dermatological and sexually transmitted disease instead of routine regular antenatal checkups and dismissing the patients with symptoms attributing them to the ...