We screened 26 bisphosphonates against a farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Plasmodium vivax, finding a poor correlation between enzyme and cell growth inhibition (R 2 = 0.06). To better predict cell activity data, we then used a combinatorial descriptor search in which pIC 50 (cell) = a pIC 50 (enzyme) + bB + cC + d, where B and C are descriptors (such as SlogP), and a-d are coefficients. R 2 increased from 0.01 to 0.74 (for a leave-two-out test set of 26 predictions). The method was then further validated using data for nine other systems, including bacterial, viral, and mammalian cell systems. On average, experimental/predicted cell pIC 50 correlations increased from R 2 = 0.28 (for an enzyme-only test set) to 0.70 (for enzyme plus two descriptor test set predictions), while predictions based on scrambled cell activity had no predictive value (R 2 = 0.13). These results are of interest since they represent a general way to predict cell from enzyme inhibition data, with in three cases, R 2 values increasing from ∼0.02 to 0.72.

subsequent coloring due to its ability to take part in metal-induced radical chemistry (4). It is important to know where in the fibers these metals are located in order to either effectively remove these metals or control their chemistry. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) has been used to locate the calcium and copper within hair that has been treated with a colorant and washed multiple times in tap water containing these ions. Untreated hair is used as a baseline standard material. Images with up to 50-nm spatial resolution of the preferential locations of calcium uptake were obtained, showing a high concentration of calcium in the cuticle region of colored hair, specifically in the sulfur-rich regions (A-layer and exocuticle).

A compact silicon polarization beam splitter (PBS) is proposed based on an asymmetrical directional coupler consisting of a wide waveguide and a dielectric loaded narrow waveguide. Given that TE and TM polarizations are the dominant mode in the wide and narrow waveguides, respectively, a perfect phase-matching condition in the TM mode but a huge phase mismatching in the TE mode can be achieved. Therefore, the TE mode is almost uncoupled regardless of device length but the TM mode can only completely couple to the cross port at an appropriate coupling length. An ultrashort (∼8.13  μm long) PBS is designed based on a silicon-on-insulator nanowire with a loading refractive index of 2.0 and a gap width of 200 nm. Numerical simulations show that the proposed PBS has a broad bandwidth (∼100  nm) with large extinction ratio (>10  dB) and low insertion loss (<0.61  dB). The fabrication-error tolerance of the PBS is also discussed.

Cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) films are electrodeposited on fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) substrates with controlled crystallographic orientation and optimized film thickness. The Cu 2 O films exhibit a (100)-to-(111) texture change and a pyramid-tocuboidal crystallite morphology transformation by increasing the electrodeposition current density. The cuboidal crystallites enclosed by (100) sidewalls and (111) truncated surfaces demonstrate better photoelectrochemical property than the pyramid crystallites. By introducing a copper(I) telluride (Cu 2 Te) layer in between Cu 2 O and FTO, the photocurrent density increases 70% for the (111)-textured Cu 2 O film in a 1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution under AM1.5 G illumination. The enhancement is mainly attributed to the improved separation of photocarriers in the illuminated Cu 2 O film by pumping hole carriers to the Cu 2 Te layer. In contrast to typical electron pathway management, this study provides an alternative route to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of Cu 2 O-based photocathodes through hole pathway modification.

In this paper, we propose an Interactive Digital Signage (IDS) which consists of three parts: passive infrared sensor (PIR), ultrasonic sensors and an embedded system. Our system uses the Newton-Raphson method to acquire the hand moving directions and distances, which were transferred to relative command to control the system. Compared with other interactive devices, we use low cost sensors instead of cameras to approach the audience motion capture. Therefore, the IDS not only supports interaction ability but also decreases hardware and software cost to implement it.