As a rising market, China has attracted many transnational agents seeking to tap new resources and/or do business overseas. These agents include international governmental and non-governmental organizations, multi-national corporations, and foreign states. We propose a theoretical concept of 'self-learning through teaching' to empirically examine the process by which the government of Singapore does business via policy transfer in China, specifically in Suzhou and Tianjin. Most of the existing literature argues that Singapore has leveraged its experience of rapid economic growth to teach China how to pursue development. Our findings suggest that, in addition to providing China with the benefit of its experience, the Singaporean government has also selflearned a great deal through interaction with China in terms of the political complexities of conducting transnational business, such as how to improve budgeting control over land development, negotiating local interests, and coordinating central fragmentation.

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The present findings quantify the economic effects of ambient PM due to the increased incidence rate and mortality rate of lung cancer. Lowering ambient PM concentrations would be the most realistic way for China to reduce tghe evaluated social losses in the short term. Possible legal measures for lowering ambient PM concentrations to reduce the total losses are identified.

Background. The association between sleep disturbance and the menstruation in the young women population has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study is to assess the association between sleep status and phase of the menstrual cycle in healthy, young, ovulating women. Methods. This cross-sectional study used the data collected from healthy young, ovulating Chinese females from September to December 2018. The association was analyzed by using linear regression and binary logistic analyses. Results. 2260 women aged 17 to 30 were included in the analysis. The average sleep duration of the respondents was 7.24 hours ( SD = 0.92 ). 61.7% of them admitted that they were accompanied by at least one of sleep symptoms including difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, dreaminess, early morning awakening, and somnolence. Sleep quality was significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (OR 95 % CI = 1.74 [1.40-2.17], P < 0.001 ) and self-awareness menstrual regularity (OR 95 % CI = 1.29 [1.06-1.56], P = 0.011 ). Conclusion. This study found that poor sleep quality is significantly associated with dysmenorrhea and self-awareness menstrual irregularity among healthy, young, ovulating, Chinese females.