<p>Wild rice spesies is relative<br />of cultivated rice and has many differences of its characteristic.<br />Morphological characteristic variation on crop can be used as<br />working assets in breeding program. Morphological<br />characterisation was conducted in three planting seasons in<br />2004 until 2005 at Indonesian Center for Agriculcural<br />Biotechnology Research and Development green house<br />consisted of 88 accessions of 18 wild rice spesies which<br />belonged to 4 groups of Oryza spp. (Oryza sativa, O.<br />officinalis, O. meyeriana, and O. ridleyi). The characteristic<br />observed were include 12 quantitative characters and 5<br />qualitative characters with 23 subcharacters. The wide of<br />quantitative morphological character variances were found in<br />plant high, tiller number, days of flower, total number grain/<br />panicle, awning length and stalk diameter, while the narrow<br />character variances were found in panicle length, 1.000 grains<br />weigth, grain shape, total internode and internode length. The<br />qualitative characters variance were found in grains, stalk,<br />ligule and leaf morphology, while panicle morphology of wild<br />rice species was dominated by open panicle type, erect panicle,<br />secondary branching were absent and well exserted.</p>

Morpho-physiological and yield components of rice are important character that affect the crop yield potential. Seeds as a sink of crops, its yield are very much determined by the panicle yield components, one of which is various type of tillers. The purpose of the research was to study the variability of panicle types andtheir relationshipwith grain yield of rice. Thirty rice varieties/lines were planted and observed in experimental pots. The study revealed that there are differencesin total number of panicle among varieties or lines. Average number of panicle ranges from 20-50 panicle. Among varieties, there were also differences in total number of panicles grown from primary, secondary, tertiary and quarterly tillers. The number of empty seeds of the panicles increases in the order of the sequences of tiller emergence, i.e., main panicle (11%), primary (12%), secondary (12%), tertiary (16%) and quartery (22%). High yielding rice could be obtained through the development of varieties or cultivation techniques that enable the crops produce more panicle in primary and secondary tillers compare to that in tertiary and quarterly tillers.Keywords: rice, panicle, variability. ABSTRAKKarakter morfofisiologi dan komponen hasil merupakan karakteristik tanaman yang mempengaruhi produktivitas. Hasil biji sebagai salah satu bagian dari sink tanaman ditentukan oleh komponen hasil, di antaranya malai yang berasal dari berbagai tipe/ jenis anakan padi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman malai anakan dan hubungannya dengan hasil padi. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menanam 30 varietas/galur pada pot percobaan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah total malai di antara varietas/galur yang diuji. Jumlah malai berkisar antara 20-50 buah. Di antara varietas yang diuji juga terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada jumlah malai yang berasal dari anakan primer, sekunder, tersier, dan kuarter. Kehampaan gabah dari setiap jenis malai cenderung meningkat menurut urutan pemunculan malai anakan padi, dimulai dari malai tanaman induk (11%), primer (12%), sekunder (12%), tersier (16%), dan kuarter (22%). Tanaman padi yang dapat memberi hasil tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui perakitan varietas atau teknik budi daya yang dapat menghasilkan terutama malai anakan primer dan sekunder yang relatif banyak dan sedikit atau tanpa anakan tersier dan kuarter.Kata kunci: padi, malai, keragaman.

The research was aimed to screen the local rice germplasms for salinity tolerance. The 104 local rice germplasms were derived of collection of Gene Bank of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) were tested to salinity. The activities was carried out in greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD. The 15 day old seedlings were planted in pots soil contained NaCl 0.4%. One accession of rice was planted in 2 pots, each pot contained 4 seedlings. Observation of plant symptom was conducted after 1 month planted. The experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design with 2 replications. The results of the analysis showed there were different responsses among rice accesions to the treatment. Salinity caused dry and dead leaves, there were very significant differences between the varieties for plant height, dry weight plant, number of total leaves, and number of green leaves. There were a high and negative correlation of plant height and total number of leaves with percentage of dead leaves. The result showed 21 accesions were tolerant to moderately−tolerant, while Pokkali as a tolerant check, most tolerant. There were two accessions were tolerant with dead leaf percentage <50%, i.e. Tjempo Brondol (reg. 5800) and Gembira Putih (reg. 20602), whereas Pokkali as resistant check had low dead leaf percentage (16.9%) and 19 accessions were moderately-tolerant with dead leaf percentage <70%, and 82 accesions were sensitive to highly-sensitive.Keywords: tolerance, germplasm, salinity, rice, number of total leaves. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyaring plasma nutfah padi yang memiliki sifat toleran terhadap salinitas. Sejumlah 104 plasma nutfah padi lokal yang berasal dari koleksi Bank Gen BB Biogen diuji terhadap salinitas. Kegiatan dilakukan di rumah kaca BB Biogen. Bibit padi berumur ±15 hari ditanam pada pot berisi tanah yang sudah dilumpurkan dengan larutan garam NaCl 0,4% (4.000 ppm). Satu aksesi padi ditanam pada 2 pot, masing masing pot berisi 4 tanaman. Setelah berumur 4 minggu dari tanam dilakukan pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah daun total, jumlah daun hijau, dan jumlah daun mati. Pengujian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 ulangan. Hasil analisis varians menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan respons plasma nutfah padi terhadap perlakuan salin yang diberikan. Perbedaan sangat nyata terdapat pada tinggi tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah daun total, dan jumlah daun hijau. Terdapat korelasi yang tinggi dan negatif pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun total dengan persentase daun mati. Hasil pengujian telah terpilih 21 aksesi plasma nutfah padi toleran hingga agak toleran, sedangkan Pokkali sebagai cek sangat toleran. Dua aksesi yang toleran dengan persentase daun mati <50%, yaitu Tjempo Brondol (reg. 5800) dan Gembira Putih (reg. 20602), Pokkali sebagai varietas kontrol dengan tingkat persentase daun mati 16,9%, sedangkan 19 aksesi termasuk kelompok agak toleran dengan persentase da...

Morphological Characteristics Variability of Arrowroot (Marantha arundinaceae L.). The arrowroot has been recognized by most society member of Indonesia as a source of potential foodstuf. The arrowroot has low glicemic index, and high carbohydrate content, high quality of flour and can replace position of wheat flour as food material and industry. Evaluation and characterization are needed to get informations of superior characteristic of arrowroot as source of genetic variability to develop promising new arrowroot varieties. The result showed that the morphological characteristic of 20 arrowroot accecions were not different on the qualitative characteristics. The characteristics of leaf colour, stem and stalk leaf colour, and white colour of tuber were not different among arrowroot accecions. The quantitative characteristics of tuber or rhizomes type (tuber length and tuber circle), plant height, number of tiller/hill, total leaf/main stem, leaf length and leaf width among accecions had low variability. The tuber weight per hill had positive correlation with plant height, number of leaf, tuber length and tuber circle and negative correlation with leaf length, leaf width and stalk length leaf.Keywords: Variability, morphological, arrowroot ABSTRAK Garut (Marantha arundinaceae L.) merupakan sumber pangan yang potensial bagi sebagian masyarakat di Indonesia. Garut memiliki indeks glikemik rendah dan kandungan karbohidrat tinggi. Tepung garut dapat menggantikan terigu sebagai bahan makanan dan industri. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi garut perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi sifat-sifat unggul untuk dapat digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul. Hasil evaluasi 20 aksesi garut yang dikarakterisasi menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan morfologis sifat kualitatif. Warna daun, pelepah dan tangkai daun, bentuk daun, bentuk dan warna umbi memiliki kesamaan antaraksesi. Karakter kuantitatif pada bentuk umbi (panjang dan lingkar umbi), tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan/rumpun, jumlah daun pada batang utama, panjang dan lebar daun antar aksesi plasma nutfah garut memiliki keragaman yang sempit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa bobot umbi per rumpun berkorelasi positif dengan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang, lingkar umbi, dan berkorelasi negatif dengan panjang daun, lebar daun, dan panjang tangkai daun.

<p>Morphological Characteristics Variability of Canna (Canna edulis Ker.). Edible canna (Canna edulis) is the potential source of foodstuf. Edible canna have high carbohydrate and nutritions. The starch of edible canna can be exploited as a food materials and for industry. Evaluation and characterization were needed to get informations on characters of edible canna for genetic variability to improve edible canna varieties. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development has two groups edible canna collection, they are red edible canna and the white one. The result showed that morphological characters of 27 edible canna accessions were not different in their qualitative characteristics. Similarly in their 23 white edible canna have no difference qualitative characters. The red edible canna having red color on part of shoot, while in white edible canna having green color. The tuber of red edible canna having pink color and white color for white edible canna. The different were in the flower of white edible canna, there were 17 accessions having yellow color and 6 accessions having orange color. The quantitative characters of flowering, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf and leaf stalk length have low variability (&lt;10%). The characters of number of tiller per hill, tuber weight per hill and plant hight have high coeficient variability with the range of 14-21%. The tuber weight per hill had negative correlation with stalk length leaf and number of tiller/hill.</p><p> </p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstrak</strong></p><p>Ganyong (Canna edulis) merupakan sumber pangan potensial dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan gizi tinggi. Tepung ganyong bermutu tinggi dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan dan industri. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi ganyong perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi sifat-sifat unggul ganyong dengan tujuan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik varietas ganyong. Plasma nutfah ganyong yang dikoleksi Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian ada dua kelompok, yaitu ganyong merah dan ganyong putih. Hasil evaluasi dan karakterisasi terhadap 27 aksesi ganyong merah tidak terdapat perbedaan morfologis sifat kualitatif antar aksesi. Demikian juga pada 23 aksesi ganyong putih. Pada ganyong merah, bagian tajuk didominasi oleh warna merah, sedangkan ganyong putih didominasi warna hijau. Umbi ganyong merah berwarna merah muda dan ganyong putih berwarna putih. Perbedaan terdapat pada warna bunga, 17 aksesi ganyong putih berwarna kuning dan enam aksesi warna orange. Keragaman karakter morfologis sifat kuantitatif ganyong merah dan ganyong putih rendah (&lt;10%), yaitu pada umur berbunga, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan jumlah daun. Nilai koefisien keragaman yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter jumlah anakan, bobot umbi, dan tinggi tanaman dengan kisaran 14-21%. Bobot umbi per rumpun berkorelasi negatif dengan panjang tangkai daun dan jumlah anakan per rumpun.</p>