This article talks about Indonesia literature postcolonial discourse in relation to characters building (nation). The approaches used are postcolonial and pragmatic. Postcolonial approach is used to study the meaning of texts, while pragmatic is used to study the meaning of contexts. The postcolonial approach proves that Indonesia literature texts indicate the existence of postcoloniality in the form of power relation, double identities, mimicry, and resistence. The pragmatic approach shows that postcoloniality can be used by readers as a reference to various temathical ideas; and those ideas can also be made as a projection for characterized self building (nation). AbstrakArtikel ini membahas wacana pascakolonial sastra Indonesia dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan karakter bangsa. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pascakolonial dan pragmatik. Pascakolonial digunakan untuk membahas makna teks, sedangkan pragmatik digunakan untuk membahas makna konteks. Hasil pembahasan pascakolonial membuktikan bahwa teks-teks sastra Indonesia menunjukkan adanya pascakolonialitas yang berupa relasi kuasa, identitas ganda, mimikri, dan resistensi. Hasil pembahasan pragmatik menunjukkan bahwa pascakolonialitas itu oleh para pembaca dapat digunakan sebagai referensi berbagai gagasan tematis; dan gagasangagasan tematis itu dapat pula dijadikan sebagai proyeksi bagi pembangunan diri (bangsa) yang berkarakter
Kemunculan Olenka, novel pertama Budi Darma yang terbit pertama kali pada tahun 1983, mengundang kehebohan publik sastra Indonesia saat itu. Olenka dianggap membawa corak baru dalam dunia novel Indonesia, bahkan dinobatkan sebagai novel terbaik 1983 oleh Dewan Kesenian Jakarta. Novel Olenka sebetulnya memiliki tema yang sangat sederhana, tetapi efektif. Plot dasarnya adalah mengenai kepahitan hidup, kegagalan manusia memahami jati diri, dan kemanusiawian manusia yang tak kuasa menghadapi takdir (Tuhan). Corak baru yang dibawa Olenka salah satunya adalah dalam gaya bahasanya yang menurut para kritikus betul-betul eksentrik, tidak biasa, bebas, lincah, spontan, dan mengalir. Menurut Bakhtin, seorang filsuf dan ahli sastra berkebangsaan Rusia, unsur-unsur unik, aneh, atau tak biasa itu merupakan unsur yang disebut perilaku karnival. Buku ini mengkaji keunikan-keunikan Olenka menggunakan perspektif Bakhtin, di antaranya melalui analisis komposisi, tokoh, pengarang, ideologi, dan dialog intertekstual. Buku ini bermanfaat tidak hanya bagi pembaca Olenka, para praktisi sastra, dan pemerhati sastra, tetapi juga bagi peneliti, pembelajar, pemelajar, sampai masyarakat umum yang tertarik untuk memahami salah satu sudut pandang yang unik dalam pemaknaan karya sastra.
Processing instruction (PI) is an input-based approach to grammar education based on input processing theory, and output is another element needed for second-language acquisition to be successful. This study sought to examine the impact of PI and output-based activities with the mediating role of working memory (WM) capacity on learning English future tense. To this end, 99 subjects with preintermediate command of English based on an Oxford Placement Test were recruited for the study, and they were divided into three groups: PI, output, and control, with 33 learners in each group. Using a reading-span test, it was revealed that 14 subjects in the PI group, 15 participants in the output group, and 13 learners in the comparison group had low WM, while the rest individuals had high WM capacity. Then, a two-way between-group analysis of variance and a Bonferroni adjustment post hoc test were performed. The results of the analyses showed that both PI and output groups outperformed the control group. Additionally, there was no difference in grammar gain between PI and output groups. Besides, learners with high WM outperformed low WM individuals. The pedagogical implication of this research is that PI and output-based activities can assist teachers in implementing effective strategies to raise L2 learners’ knowledge and consciousness.
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