The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, and biocompatibility of two agents used for the chemomechanical removal of carious dentin. Sixty extracted carious human teeth were treated with a conventional bur (CBG) or chemomechanical agents-Papacarie Duo (PG) and Brix 3000 (BG). Treatment efficiency and effectiveness were assessed by the working time for carious dentin removal and Knoop microhardness values, respectively. Human pulp fibroblasts (FP6) were used to evaluate cytotoxicity by incorporating Mtt dye, and genotoxicity was evaluated with the micronuclei test. the carious tissue was removed in a shorter time with cBG (median = 54.0 seconds) than the time required for chemomechanical agents (p = 0.0001). However, the time was shorter for Brix 3000 (BG) than that for Papacarie Duo (PG), showing mean values of 85.0 and 110.5 seconds, respectively. Regarding microhardness testing, all approaches tested were effective (p < 0.05). The final mean microhardness values were 48.54 ± 16.31 KHN, 43.23 ± 13.26 KHN, and 47.63 ± 22.40 KHN for PG, BG, and cBG, respectively. pG decreased cell viability compared to that of BG, but it presented no genotoxicity. Brix 3000 may be a good option for chemomechanical dentin caries removal due to its reduced removal time and lower cytotoxicity compared to the other treatment options. Caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in the demineralization and remineralization processes on dental hard tissues, and this imbalance might lead to progressive tooth destruction. This imbalance is preceded by a microbiological shift in biofilm, characterized by an acidogenic and aciduric (cariogenic) population. The shift in the bacterial population is related to the consumption of fermentable dietary carbohydrates. The treatment of the disease depends on the reduction of cariogenic bacteria and the arrest or control of their sequelae (the caries lesion) 1. The caries process presents a high prevalence in all age groups 2. Clinically, the chronic or acute classification of lesions has critical significance because it determines the risk of progression of lesions 3. The acute caries lesion is more likely to advance, and if no early treatment is performed, it may develop toward the pulp, reaching over 2/3 of the dentin and consequently leading to painful symptomatology, and possibly require endodontic treatment and even tooth extraction 2,4. Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) is a philosophy of treating dental caries not only by treating cavities but also by modifying patients' behavior considering fillings; however, it is not curative 5. Within this philosophy, when a restoration is needed, the preservation of dental tissue is targeted 6. Selective removal of carious dentin

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Introduction: Normal cells are also affected during antineoplastic treatment, including oral mucosa cells, which potentially causes oral complications.Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the main oral complications and the oral hygiene index in children and adolescents aged 5 to 12 years, who received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods:It is an observational prevalence study performed in a hospital in Southern Brazil. Data were collected from 21 hospitalized patients with a self-application questionnaire for the responsible persons of children and with an intraoral clinical examination. The indicators used were DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) for dental caries, SOHI (simplified oral hygiene index) for oral hygiene, and the presence of mucositis, xerostomia, and candidiasis.Results: Most of the sample was male (57.1%) with average age of 8 years (sd 2.92), diagnosed with leukemia (47.6%). All patients received chemotherapy as treatment of choice and 38.1% received radiotherapy as part of the treatment. The results showed the presence of 61.9% of mucositis in patients and 28.6% of xerostomia. No patient presented candidiasis during clinical examination. As for dental caries, 66.7% of patients showed a DMFT from 4 to 16, which is considered high, and 38.1% of patients showed the presence of bacterial plaque and dental calculus. Conclusion:It is concluded that the main oral complications in children during antineoplastic treatment were mucositis and xerostomia. It was observed a high rate of dental caries as a consequence of an inadequated oral hygiene. Open acess What is the purpose of this study?The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the main oral complications and the oral hygiene index in children and adolescents aged 5 to 12 years submitted to chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy in order to demonstrate the importance of the dental surgeon as a member of pediatric multidisciplinary oncological team. What researchers did and found?Oral clinical examination was carried out in patients undergoing cancer treatment. It was reported that the main oral complications in children and adolescents during the antineoplastic treatment were mucositis and xerostomia. Regarding oral health conditions, children and adolescents have a high caries rate, often associated with brushing difficulties due to oral complications of treatment. What do these findings mean?Due to the presence of oral problems related to the treatment of cancer, the presence of the dentist in the oncological team is vital for reducing the morbidity of these lesions. Longitudinal and full-time monitoring of the pediatric patient is necessary because of the risk of recurrence of some complications, even after ending the antineoplastic treatment.

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A síndrome de Goldenhar (SG), também designada como displasia óculo-aurículo-vertebral (OAV), consiste em uma desordem congênita múltipla e rara que envolve principalmente uma tríade com características craniofaciais expressivas. Apresenta etiologia ainda desconhecida, porém alterações genéticas autossômicas, fatores ambientais durante a gravidez, como exposição a talidomida, medicamentos vasoativos e uso de cocaína, assim como diabetes materno e relação entre pais consanguíneos podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da displasia OAV. Objetivo: Descrever o caso de uma adolescente com síndrome de Goldenhar e discutir as peculiaridades da síndrome, destacando as características craniofaciais e a percepção do cirurgião-dentista sobre esse diagnóstico. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 16 anos de idade, procurou atendimento odontológico em virtude de uma maloclusão. A jovem apresentava aspectos característicos e variações da síndrome de Goldenhar, com deformidades craniofaciais, alterações congênitas na orelha esquerda (classificadas como microtia), apêndice pré-auricular na orelha direita, além da presença de dermoide epibulbar no olho esquerdo. A adolescente também possuía uma patologia vertebral, do tipo escoliose em “S”. Após as avaliações clínica e radiográfica, ela foi informada sobre a necessidade de encaminhamento ao geneticista para investigação e conclusão do diagnóstico médico de síndrome de Goldenhar, pois possuía displasia OAV, porém ainda sem definição quanto ao seu diagnóstico final. Conclusão: Em virtude de uma grande variedade de anormalidades e diferentes gravidades de sintomas, pacientes com SG representam um desafio para a equipe envolvida. O reconhecimento de anomalias faciais pelo cirurgião[1]dentista contribui para o diagnóstico precoce.