Sensory impairments (visual and auditory) reduce quantity and quality of the information input. The associated memory loss can be classified as intrinsic decline in memory functionalities or mere physiological effect of sensory deprivation. This study aimed to specify this issue by analyzing memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes in older people with sensory deficits. The study enrolled 65–75 year-old individuals (n = 61) distributed into four groups: patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (n = 17); patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (n = 14); patients with visual impairment (n = 19); and patients with combined sensory deficits (n = 11). The methods included Luria’s auditory-verbal (“10 words”) and visual memory tests and Bartlett’s experimental procedure. A decrease in memory volume for auditory-verbal and visual-figurative short-term memories was observed in all groups. The results reveal significant adverse dynamics of qualitative and quantitative indicators for memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes, associated with decreased volume of short-term memories, both auditory-verbal and visual-figurative. Based on these findings, we conclude that consolidation and reconsolidation efficiency depends on proper accommodation of the newly incoming information to already memorized modules (previous experience) and requires dosing of the newly incoming information in order to preserve its integrity at the stage of consolidation.

The study of neuropsychological features that cause eating disorders may provide a starting point for planning complex studies that allow for integral assessment of the internal and external mechanisms and patterns of eating disorders. The work aims to evaluate the influence of the neuropsychological status on features of the body schema in eating disorders. We conducted an analysis of the subjective and objective indicators of the body image on 51 women aged 20–35 years using face-relative hand position reproduction tests, the "Silhouette" method, measurement of the right hand index finger diameter and of the foot length, and a self-image questionnaire. We carried out qualitative and quantitative assessment of the neuropsychological status using the Luriev test battery. For the analysis of control functions, we used the Wisconsin sorting card test, Cantidad-Numér interference task (Canum), and "Block Span". We found that women with atypical eating behaviors noted the following features associated with a subjective attitude towards their own body: prevalence of dissatisfaction in one's emotional evaluation due to the perception of one's own appearance, stemming from the beliefs and ideas about one's ideal appearance, despite the absence of the abnormalities associated with the objectified ideas of one's own body (weight, size, body proportions). We identified modal-nonspecific control function deficiencies characteristic of different types of eating disorders.

Issledovanie nejropsihologicheskih osobennostej, obuslovlivayushchih narushenie pishchevogo povedeniya, mozhet dat' otpravnuyu tochku dlya postroeniya kompleksnyh issledovanij, pozvolyayushchih osushchestvit' integral'nuyu ocenku vnutrennih i vneshnih mekhanizmov i zakonomernostej narusheniya pishchevogo povedeniya. Cel'yu raboty bylo vyyavit' vliyanie nejropsihologicheskogo statusa na osobennosti skhemy tela pri narushenii pishchevogo povedeniya. Obsledovali 51 zhenshchinu v vozraste 20–35 let. Ocenku sub"ektivnyh i ob"ektivirovannyh pokazatelej obraza tela provodili s pomoshch'yu prob na vosproizvedenie polozheniya ruki po otnosheniyu k licu, metodiki «Siluet» i izobrazheniya diametra ukazatel'nogo pal'ca pravoj ruki i dliny stopy, oprosnika obraza sobstvennogo tela. Kachestvennuyu i kolichestvennuyu ocenku nejropsihologicheskogo statusa osushchestvlyali s pomoshch'yu Lurievskoj testovoj batarei. Dlya analiza upravlyayushchih funkcij ispol'zovali Viskonsinskij test sortirovochnyh kartochek, «CantidadNumer interferense task» (Canum), «Blosk sran». Po rezul'tatam issledovaniya bylo ustanovleno, chto u zhenshchin s vyrazhennymi tipami pishchevogo povedeniya, rassmatrivaemymi kak granica normy, otmecheny osobennosti, svyazannye s sub"ektivnym otnosheniem k sobstvennomu telu: s odnoj storony, preobladaet neudovletvorennost', kotoraya vklyuchaet v sebya emocional'nuyu ocenku, chuvstva, svyazannye s vneshnost'yu, i ubezhdeniya i predstavleniya ob ideal'noj vneshnosti; s drugoj storony, otsutstvuyut narusheniya, svyazannye s ob"ektiviruyushchimi predstavleniyami o sobstvennom tele (ves, razmer, proporcii). Vyyavleny modal'no-nespecifichnye deficity upravlyayushchih funkcij, harakternye dlya raznyh tipov narushenij pishchevogo povedeniya.

The relevance of this study is due to the need to answer the question of how the factors of digital medium affect the development of mental functions in the younder generation. The study was aimed to assess the effects of the social media interference factor on memory (auditory-speech and visual-figurative) consolidation in adolescents. The sample was 130 adolescents aged 11–17. The groups were formed based on the age stages (11–12, 13–14, 15–17 years). The study involved the use of the method for the diagnosis of the short-term auditory-speech and visual-figurative memory span. Viewing video content and reading the fragment of the fiction book were used as interference. A significant decrease in the short-term auditory-speech and visual-figurative memory span was observed in adolescents. The short-term memory span is reduced in the context of social media interference (prolonged continuous viewing the heterogenous visual-acoustic and visualspeech content). The high risk of the long-term memory loss due to the impact of the social media interference factor on memory consolidation in adolescents is empirically proven. The more the duration of the maximum continuous video stream and the total time the adolescents spend on Internet (including social media), the larger is the loss of information.

Sensornye narusheniya (zritel'nye, sluhovye) ogranichivayut kolichestvo i kachestvo postupayushchej informacii. Pri etom sushchestvennye zatrudneniya vyzyvaet resheniya voprosa o tom, chto vyyavlennoe narushenie pamyati yavlyaetsya sobstvenno narusheniem pamyati ili obuslovleno sensornymi deficitami. V svyazi s poiskom otveta na postavlennyj vopros nami byla sformulirovana cel' issledovaniya. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo izuchit' processy konsolidacii i rekonsolidacii pamyati u lic pozhilogo vozrasta s sensornymi narusheniyami. V issledovanii uchastvovali pacienty v vozraste 65–75 let (n = 61), razbitye na chetyre gruppy: pacienty s odnostoronnej nejrosensornoj tugouhost'yu (n = 17); pacienty s dvustoronnej nejrosensornoj tugouhost'yu (n = 14); pacienty s narusheniem zreniya (n = 19); pacienty s sochetannym sensornym deficitom (n = 11). V kachestve metodov ispol'zovali metodiki A. R. Luriya «10 slov» i «Zritel'naya pamyat'», a takzhe eksperimental'nuyu proceduru, predlozhennuyu F. Bartlettom. Ustanovleno snizhenie ob"ema kratkovremennoj sluhorechevoj i zritel'no-obraznoj pamyati po vsem gruppam ispytuemyh u pacientov pozhilogo vozrasta s sensornymi narusheniyami. Dostoverno pokazano izmenenie kachestvenno-kolichestvennyh harakteristik processov konsolidacii i rekonsolidacii pamyati pri sensornyh narusheniyah. Dannoe izmenenie obuslovleno snizheniem ob"ema kratkovremennoj pamyati (kak sluhorechevoj, tak i zritel'no-obraznoj). Sdelan vyvod, chto vazhnymi usloviyami povysheniya effektivnosti processov konsolidacii i rekonsolidacii yavlyayutsya neobhodimost' «podstrojki» vnov' postupayushchej informacii k uzhe imeyushchejsya v pamyati (predshestvuyushchem opyte), a takzhe neobhodimost' dozirovannogo snizheniya ob"ema vnov' postupayushchej informacii s cel'yu sohraneniya ee celostnosti na etape konsolidacii.