Network data is ubiquitous and growing, yet we lack realistic generative network models that can be calibrated to match real-world data. The recently proposed Block Two-Level Erdss-Renyi (BTER) model can be tuned to capture two fundamental properties: degree distribution and clustering coefficients. The latter is particularly important for reproducing graphs with community structure, such as social networks. In this paper, we compare BTER to other scalable models and show that it gives a better fit to real data. We provide a scalable implementation that requires only O(d_max) storage where d_max is the maximum number of neighbors for a single node. The generator is trivially parallelizable, and we show results for a Hadoop MapReduce implementation for a modeling a real-world web graph with over 4.6 billion edges. We propose that the BTER model can be used as a graph generator for benchmarking purposes and provide idealized degree distributions and clustering coefficient profiles that can be tuned for user specifications

Abstract. This paper describes a software implementation of Byrd and Omojokun's trust region algorithm for solving nonlinear equality constrained optimization problems. The code is designed for the efficient solution of large problems and provides the user with a variety of linear algebra techniques for solving the subproblems occurring in the algorithm. Second derivative information can be used, but when it is not available, limited memory quasi-Newton approximations are made. The performance of the code is studied using a set of difficult test problems from the CUTE collection.

Tensor factorizations with nonnegativity constraints have found application in analysing data from cyber traffic, social networks, and other areas. We consider application data best described as being generated by a Poisson process (e.g. count data), which leads to sparse tensors that can be modelled by sparse factor matrices. In this paper, we investigate efficient techniques for computing an appropriate canonical polyadic tensor factorization based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence function. We propose novel subproblem solvers within the standard alternating block variable approach. Our new methods exploit structure and reformulate the optimization problem as small independent subproblems. We employ bound-constrained Newton and quasi-Newton methods. We compare our algorithms against other codes, demonstrating superior speed for high accuracy results and the ability to quickly find sparse solutions.

Graphs and networks are used to model interactions in a variety of contexts. There is a growing need to quickly assess the characteristics of a graph in order to understand its underlying structure. Some of the most useful metrics are triangle-based and give a measure of the connectedness of mutual friends. This is often summarized in terms of clustering coefficients, which measure the likelihood that two neighbors of a node are themselves connected. Computing these measures exactly for large-scale networks is prohibitively expensive in both memory and time. However, a recent wedge sampling algorithm has proved successful in efficiently and accurately estimating clustering coefficients. In this paper, we describe how to implement this approach in MapReduce to deal with massive graphs. We show results on publicly-available networks, the largest of which is 132M nodes and 4.7B edges, as well as artificially generated networks (using the Graph500 benchmark), the largest of which has 240M nodes and 8.5B edges. We can estimate the clustering coefficient by degree bin (e.g., we use exponential binning) and the number of triangles per bin, as well as the global clustering coefficient and total number of triangles, in an average of 0.33 seconds per million edges plus overhead (approximately 225 seconds total for our configuration). The technique can also be used to study triangle statistics such as the ratio of the highest and lowest degree, and we highlight differences between social and non-social networks. To the best of our knowledge, these are the largest triangle-based graph computations published to date

HOPSPACK (Hybrid Optimization Parallel Search PACKage) solves derivative-free optimization problems using an open source, C++ software framework. The framework enables parallel operation using MPI or multithreading, and allows multiple solvers to run simultaneously and interact to find solution points. HOPSPACK comes with an asynchronous pattern search solver that handles general optimization problems with linear and nonlinear constraints, and continuous and integer-valued variables. This user manual explains how to install and use HOPSPACK to solve problems, and how to create custom solvers within the framework.3