In this study, biodiesel is produced from waste sunflower oil and its ef-fect on engine performance and specific fuel consumption is experimen-tally investigated. Transesterification method was used in biodiesel pro-duction of waste sunflower oil. After production, analyzes giving charac-teristics of biodiesel such as density, kinematic viscosity, sulfur and water content were made. As a result of the analysis, the biodiesel fuel with a viscosity of 4,372 mm2/s, which has a reaction temperature of 60°C, an alcohol content of 25% and a catalyst ratio of 0.05%, was cho-sen as a reference fuel, as it was observed to comply with European Standards of EN 14214. Standard diesel fuel was taken as reference for the purpose of examining the effect of biodiesel on engine performance. Performance and fuel consumption tests of the produced biodiesel and standard diesel fuel were carried out at the full load position at seven dif-ferent engine speed levels. Experiments were carried out on a single cy-linder four-stroke Cussons P8160 engine. As a result of the test, it was observed that there was a 7.06% reduction in engine moment compared to the standard diesel fuel use of B100 fuel. In addition, compared to the standard diesel fuel of B100 fuel, there was a 6.64% reduction in engine power. Specific fuel consumption values for B100 and diesel fuels at 2200 rpm engine speed were 426.75 g/kWh and 355.22 g/kWh, respecti-vely.

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 Hybrid vehicle was controlled by fuzzy logic method  Creation of pre and post transmission parallel hybrid, serial hybrid, conventional vehicle models  Determination of the least fuel-consuming vehicle structure under NEDC, US06 and FTP 75 driving cycle conditions Figure A. Pre-transmission parallel hybrid vehicle diagram, operating point of ICE and electric motor under FTP 75 driving cycle Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to determine the vehicle structure with minimum average fuel consumption under different driving cycle conditions by controlling the pre-transmission, post-transmission parallel hybrid power systems with fuzzy logic method and comparing them with serial hybrid and conventional vehicle structures. Theory and Methods: Pre-transmission, post-transmission parallel hybrid, serial hybrid and conventional vehicle structures are modeled in MATLAB / Simulink environment using mathematical equations of systems and subsystems. Transfer functions representing the power systems of the pre-transmission, the post-transmission parallel hybrid, serial hybrid and conventional vehicles are derived. In order to evaluate all vehicle structures under the same conditions, the same system and subsystems were used on all vehicle structures. While the gas and brake pedal control is provided with PID in all vehicle structures, the torque distribution of the parallel hybrid vehicle is provided by the fuzzy logic control system. All vehicle models have dual clutch gearbox and lithium-ion battery pack. The battery model was created with the equivalent circuit Rint method. Results: The lowest average fuel consumption with the values of 5.73 L in the US 06 driving cycle, 4.00 in the FTP 75 driving cycle, 3,96 in the NEDC driving cycle and 4.18 L / 100 km in the EUDC driving cycle of the pretransmission parallel hybrid vehicle structure controlled by the fuzzy logic method. It is concluded that it has. In the ECE 15 driving cycle conditions, it was obtained that the series hybrid vehicle structure has the lowest average fuel consumption with a value of 3.62 L / 100 km. In the EUDC driving cycle conditions, which represent the intercity road speed conditions, the serial hybrid vehicle was found to cause 1.47% fuel consumption compared to the conventional vehicle. Conclusion: It is concluded that in all driving cycles conditions, the pre-transmission parallel hybrid vehicle structure consumes less fuel than the post-transmission parallel hybrid vehicle structure. The pre-transmission parallel hybrid vehicle structure controlled by fuzzy logic under NEDC, FTP75 and EUDC driving cycle conditions has been determined to have the lowest average fuel consumption. Under the conditions of the ECE15 driving cycle, which represents urban use, the series hybrid vehicle structure was found to consume the least amount of fuel. The conventional vehicle consumed more fuel under all driving conditions than the parallel hybrid vehicle. Conventional vehicle has become advantageous only in EUDC driving cycle conditions compared to serial hy...