Vedle získání některých poznatků o způsobu pohřbívání v zásadě nevybočujícím z dobového rámce se nám podařilo učinit si konkrétnější představu o rozsahu hřbitova. Provedená antropologická analýza přináší první zjištění o vrcholně středověkém až časně novověkém obyvatelstvu pochovaném kolem kostela včetně dokladu velmi pravděpodobné přítomnosti syfilitického onemocnění. Klíčová slova: hřbitov-kostel-časný novověk-vrcholný středověk-antropologie-syfilis. Archaeological research into the churchyard by the parish Church of
Studie se věnuje nálezům pocházejícím z detektorové prospekce okolí hradu Potštejna ve východních Čechách. Byl získán objemný soubor tvořený zejména hroty šípů a projektily palných zbraní. Na základě koncentrace militarií v rámci hradního kopce lze určit charakter dobývání a stanovit směry útoků na hrad. Obtížněji řešitelná je vazba získaných militarií na konkrétní historickou událost. Dle historických záznamů byl hrad obléhán celkem třikrát: roku 1339, 1399 a v průběhu let 1432–1433. Jako nejpravděpodobnější se jeví spojení nálezů s dobýváním hradu východočeskými husity na přelomu let 1432 a 1433.
This study is dedicated to the assessment of a series of finds from Rychmberk Castle, near Rychnov nad Kněžnou. The finds come from metal detector prospecting and include spatial data. The series largely consists of arrow tips and shots from firearms. Based on the spatial distribution of the objects it is possible to distinguish between the ammunition of the defenders and that of the besiegers; the directions of the attacks can be interpreted as well. However, owing to the character of the series and the relatively low chronological sensitivity of militaria, the finds cannot be sorted out and linked to particular historical events. Written sources document sieges of the castle in 1425, 1441 and 1457.
Research on precarious work and the working conditions of lowwage workers often stresses the role of the labour market or state institutions in either creating or exacerbating already precarious working conditions. However, it often ignores their organisational aspects. At the same time, in organisation studies there is a large body of literature that focuses on internal organisational structures but disregards working conditions. This article is based on a case study of supermarket cashiers and deals with the flexibilisation of their work. Firms use two forms of flexibility as a cost-cutting strategy: numerical and functional flexibility. Numerical flexibility divides workers into different groups according to their work contract. This enables firms to employ as much labour as they need at a particular point in time. In effect firms reduce the number of employees while intensifying the work of the employees they retain. In the case of functional flexibility the duties and responsibilities attached to a job are redefined. In this respect, I show that the duties of the cashiers in my case study are increased beyond the scope of tasks traditionally attached to this occupation and head towards the model of a universal worker. This shift leads to a decline in qualifications that, combined with technological changes, results in the degradation of work. As a result, flexibilisation processes deepen existing asymmetries in employer-employee relationships and thereby enable firms to transfer a significant amount of market risk onto the shoulders of workers. Moreover, the negotiating position of workers remains weak and their wages low.
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