Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a variant of Friction Stir Welding, and can be used to modify the materials microstructure to functionalize it. Superplastic forming is a technological process used to produce components with very complex shapes. In the last two decades it has been a topic of major development. In Fine Structure Superplasticity (FSSP), the initial grain size exerts a strong influence on the superplastic strain rate and temperatures. Refining grain size (GS) the parameters (temperature and strain rate) of superplastic forming could be optimized. Thermal stability is also an important factor to obtain superplasticity. FSP is used to refine GS, but the optimum processing parameters are still under study over different materials. Corrosion resistance can be affected by FSP too, but the information about it is scarce. In the present study, 7075-T651 aluminium alloy was friction stir processed under different conditions in order to improve superplastic behavior. Tool profile, rotation rate and traverse speed were analyzed. Microstructures with <4 μm grain size were obtained. The maximum superplastic elongations, in a range of 740 to 900%, at 400°C were obtained at 1x10-2s-1strain rate. The results were discussed in terms of constitutive equations and microstructure evolution. Localized corrosion potentials were obtained. Localized corrosion resistance was affected by friction stir processing.
RESUMENLa superplasticidad está caracterizada por una extensa deformación plástica previa a la fractura, generalmente a elevada temperatura. En el modo de superplasticidad por estructura fina, el deslizamiento de fronteras de grano es el mecanismo que controla la deformación superplástica. Para lograr esta estructura de grano fino se puede utilizar algún proceso que introduzca una deformación plástica severa, como el Procesamiento por Fricción Agitación (FSP). Sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta la estabilidad térmica de la estructura obtenida, la cual está asociada a la capacidad que tiene la misma de soportar calentamientos sin que se produzca crecimiento anormal de grano. Por otra parte, el interés por obtener estructuras más livianas en la industria del transporte ha promovido a la incorporación de las aleaciones de magnesio.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la estabilidad térmica de una aleación de magnesio AZ31 procesada por fricción agitación.A partir de un lingote de AZ31 se obtuvieron chapas de 3 mm de espesor en condición inicial "as cast". Estas chapas fueron procesadas por fricción agitación bajo condiciones de procesamiento determinadas. Sobre muestras procesadas se realizaron tratamientos térmicos a 300, 350, 400 y 450 C por un tiempo de 10, 30 y 60 minutos. Estas 12 condiciones más el material base y el material "como procesado" fueron preparadas para observación metalográfica, obteniéndose el tamaño de grano promedio así como la distribución de tamaño de grano. Asimismo, se determinaron perfiles de microdureza Vickers en cada una de las muestras analizadas. Se evalúa la cinética del crecimiento de grano en función de la temperatura y el tiempo, siendo estos resultados de gran utilidad para el análisis del comportamiento superplástico de estas muestras procesadas en futuros trabajos.Palabras clave: aleaciones de magnesio, Procesamiento por Fricción-Agitación (FSP), estabilidad térmica, tamaño de grano. ABSTRACTSuperplasticity is defined by an extended plastic deformation previous to fracture, generally at high temperatures. In the mode of fine structures superplasticity, grain boundary sliding is the controlling mechanism. To achieve this fine grained structure it could be used any Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) process like Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Nevertheless, it must be consider the thermal stability of the microstructure produced, which is related to its capacity to resist heating without experiment abnormal grain growth. The use of magnesium alloys has been promoted in the automotive industry in order to reduce weight of the structures.The aim of this work is to study the thermal stability of the AZ31 friction stir processed microstructure. Sheets of 3 mm thickness were obtained in as cast condition. These sheets were FSProcessed. Samples of AZ31 FSPed were heat treated to 300, 350, 400 and 450 ºC, during 10, 30 and 60 min. These 12 conditions plus the base material were microstructurally characterized. Vickers microhardness profiles were also measured. Grain growth kinetics...
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