Background: Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by alterations in both cardiac bioenergetics and insulin sensitivity. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and its use as a substrate for glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation in order to maintain the high cardiac energy demands. Insulin stimulates Ca 2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, however, how this translates to changes in mitochondrial metabolism in either healthy or hypertrophic cardiomyocytes is not fully understood.

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This study analyzes the rise of the Miami startup ecosystem and the opportunities for mutual benefit engendered by a strong connection with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The exponential technology revolution and the boom of the LAC startup ecosystem creates a massive opportunity to build a talent-driven network of startup and knowledge ecosystems that could generate trillions of dollars in value and millions of employment, while igniting the industries of the future across the Hemisphere. The recent rise of the Greater Miami area's innovation ecosystem opens the possibility to unleash value and growth through building a bridge that connects ecosystems across the Americas.