HRON JAN, MACÁK TOMÁŠ: Application of design of experiments to welding process of food packaging. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 4, pp. 909-915 Design of experiments is one of the many problem-solving quality tools that can be used for various investigations such as fi nding the signifi cant factors in a process, the eff ect of each factor on the outcome, the variance in the process, troubleshooting the machine problems, screening the parameters, and modeling the processes. The objectives of the experiment in this study are twofold. The fi rst objective is to identify the parameters of food packaging welding, which infl uence the response strength of a weld. The second objective is to identify the process parameters that aff ect the variability in the weld strength. The results of the experiment have stimulated the engineering team within the company to extend the applications of DOE in other core processes for performance improvement and variability reduction activities.food packaging, welding process, 2 k full factorial design, optimization, interaction in processes Experimental methods are widely used in research as well as in industrial settings, however, sometimes for very diff erent purposes. The primary goal in scientifi c research is usually to show the statistical signifi cance of an eff ect that a particular factor exerts on the dependent variable of interest. In many cases, it is suffi cient to consider the factors aff ecting the production process at two levels. For example, the temperature for a chemical process may either be set a little higher or a little lower, the amount of solvent in a dyestuff manufacturing process can either be slightly increased or decreased, etc. The experimenter would like to determine whether any of these changes aff ect the results of the production process. The most intuitive approach to study those factors would be to vary the factors of interest in a full factorial design, that is, to try all possible combinations of settings. This would work fi ne, except that the number of necessary runs in the experiment (observations) will increase geometrically. For example, if you want to study 7 factors, the necessary number of runs in the experiment would be 2**7 = 128. To study 10 factors you would need 2**10 = 1,024 runs in the experiment. Because each run may require time-consuming and costly setting and resetting of machinery, it is o en not feasible to require that many diff erent production runs for the experiment. In these conditions, we have two ways how to reduce experimental trals (and also time a cost of them). The fi rst ways is based on fractional factorials are used that "sacrifi ce" interaction eff ects so that main eff ects may still be computed correctly. The second way is based on previous screening of factors for selecting the signifi cant ones. For this purpose we can use the Analysis of ariance (ANOVA) or graphic tools (for example Normal plot of the standardized eff ect or Pareto chart).In...

This paper deals with the creation of a procedure to make it possible to evaluate the adequacy of the span of control (number of immediate subordinate staff ). The maximum span of control depends on the complexity of the coordinating mechanism. in developing this procedure, information theory (more precisely -law of necessary variety) will be used. This paper contains a brief review of information theory and of the conventional approach, before moving on to the application part, to develop a method of determining the optimum for the managers' span of control.Key words: span of control, capacity of manager, organisation, information theory, variety, informative indeterminism Abstrakt: Tento příspěvek se zabývá vytvořením metodiky, která by umožnila zhodnotit dostatečnost řídící kapacity u vedoucích pracovníků, a to v závislosti na jejich rozpětí řízení a složitosti koordinačního mechanismu. K určení řídící kapacity bude využita teorie informace, resp. její část, která je známá pod označení teorie nutné variety. Před samotným určením řídící kapacity vedoucích pracovníků bude ve stručnosti pojednáno o teorii informace a také o teorii organizace (tedy, o předešlých přístupech určující optimální počet podřízených pracovníků).Klíčová slova: rozpětí řízení, řídící kapacita, organizace, teorie informace, varieta, informační neurčitost Supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the czech republic (grant no. MSM 6046070904).

Abstract:In the past, food packaging was primarily used to support product sales and protect food from contamination or environmental eff ects which would reduce the life of the food. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the United States, from 6.5 to 33 million cases of food borne diseases occur each year, and nearly 9000 of these result in death. For this reason, we use active and intelligent packaging to extend the shelf life of food and improve its quality. Th is article aims to create an optimisation scheme for an optimum blend preference in food packaging with an active atmosphere. Th is will be accomplished by setting criteria for the production of antimicrobial food packaging.

Abstract:At the theoretical level (respectively in the level of basic research), the aim of the submitted article is to form the theories of preferential choice in the area of higher utility vs. lower risk at interchangeable alternatives. Different or common features of utility vs. stochastic rating at agricultural subject are identified on the bases of this initial (axiomatically understood) theory. The consecutive (applicably usable) aim is then the commercialisation of the created theory of the preferential choice as a possible instrument which suits many times the controversial results and which brings the application of utilitarian and stochastic access to the decision at not only agricultural business subjects. The determination of the knowledge system for support of determination will be in that way the practical ascent for which the method of the manager decision making is for the certain situation (of information uncertainty) the most suitable (Laplace, Hurwitz, miniMax).

This demand planning method is based on the Porter's competitive influences of the brand. concretely, it is based on the deterministic formulation of some particular factors which are influencing the demand in time. it is not necessary to know the retrospective demand to predict the future demand. That is the highest advantage of this method.Key words: demand prediction, firm dynamics, competitors influence, customers influence, substitutes influence and parameters of influence, utility. Abstrakt:Tato metoda plánování poptávky po produktu (službě) vychází z Porterových konkurenčních sil odvětví. Je založena na deterministickém popisu jednotlivých faktorů, které ovlivňují poptávku v čase. Její největší předností je, že k predikci poptávky není nutné znát chování predikované veličiny v retrospektivním období.Klíčová slova: predikce poptávky, hybnost firmy, vliv konkurentů, odběratelů a substitutů, parametry vlivů, užitek