This review article reviews the current ‘state of the art’ and literature on the role of the police and military within the changing nature of internal and external security. Some scholars believe that the border between these two forces has recently begun to blur, whereas others strongly disagree. This article argues that the current debate lacks comprehensiveness and conceptual underpinning. It is suggested that definitional differences between the two forces should serve as the basis for detailed and comprehensive future case studies.

Small state's anticipation of institutional change: Effects of the looming Brexit in the area of the CSDP and internal marketBrexit will change the balance of power in the European Union. All countries will have to adjust it, but the issue is more pressing for small member states that are more dependent on international organisations than big states. This article studies how the institutional setting affects a small state's preparations for Brexit in the area of common security and defence policy and internal market. Contrary to the theoretical expectations, it shows that the Czech Republic, the small state under scrutiny, has invested more effort into a preventive adjustment in the supranational internal market policy than to the CSDP. This result is explained by the existence of alternative institutional frameworks that are expected to mitigate the impact of Brexit on EU's security and defence policy. It also suggests that while small states profit from the existence of strong institutions, they also face the risk of unmitigated impact when these institutions change.

The article explores the reform of the Czech military from the perspective of the possible blurring of police and military functions. The understanding of security has changed in recent years and the European militaries have taken up nontraditional tasks both within and outside Europe. Moreover, the fiscal conditions have provoked further reconsideration of the role of military. The Czech Republic’s armed forces have undergone a number of reforms since 1989. The article focuses on three factors distinguishing the military from the police: territorial scope, use of force, and responsibility before the law. It concludes that although the Czech military has become more flexible, it does not use all its potential in practice, especially domestically. The article suggests that despite the adaptation to the new security environment, the military continues to be distinct from police.

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Europeanisation alters the conduct, content and norms of EU member states' foreign policies. This has also been true for Czech policy towards Eastern Europe, where the country actively supported EU frameworks and promoted European norms. With the rise of populists, however, the adherence to EU norms and structures has decreased to the extent that makes de-Europeanisation possible. This article analyses Czech policy towards Eastern Partnership countries after 2013 when populists entered the government. Based on three elements of potential de-Europeanisation, the adherence to European framework, professional norms and role of EU expertise, and deviation from foundational norms, the article concludes that Czech foreign policy towards the region remains highly Europeanised. Czech populists have concentrated on domestic matters and showed little interest in and understanding of foreign policy. Any changes to foreign policy will occur as a by-product of domestic politics, not a result of deliberate change in course in the future.