Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

The efficacy of Aureobasidium pullulans (in the biopreparation Boni Protect) against different pathogens of apples (Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructigena, Penicillium expansum, and Pezicula malicorticis) was evaluated under laboratory con- ditions. The biocontrol product was applied at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5%. Fruits of apple cultivars 'Jonagold Decosta' and 'Pinova' were used. Boni Protect was very effective against B. cinerea on cv. 'Jonagold Decosta', reducing disease incidence by 55–83.8%. On 'Pinova' apples, this biological control product was the most efficient at earlier stages of the experiment. It inhibited grey mold by 65% after 5 days from inoculation and only by 14% after 20 days. On cv. 'Jonagold Decosta', Boni Protect at a concentration of 0.1% was also effective against M. fructigena, reducing brown rot by 31.4–74.5%, but its efficiency on cv. 'Pinova' was not significant. Blue mold caused by P. expansum was inhibited only slightly by the biocontrol product, while P. malicorticis proved to be the most resistant to its antagonistic abilities

Calcium is one of the most poorly reutilized nutrients. Its deficiencies cause various physiological disturbances and, consequently, reduce the quantity and quality of yields. Reduced content of Ca2+ ions in cells leads to development of, e.g., bitter pit in apples. Efficient and instantaneous mitigation of Ca2+ deficiencies is provided by foliar feeding. There are no detailed data on the effect of foliar feeding with various calcium forms on the cell structure or on the microanalysis and mapping of this element in apple fruit cells. Therefore, we carried out comparative studies of the ultrastructure of epidermis and hypodermis cells, to assess the content and distribution of calcium in the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and precipitates of Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Szampion’ fruit exposed to four Ca treatments, including the control with no additional Ca supplementation (I) and foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2 (II), CaCl2 (III), and Ca chelated with EDTA (IV). Light and transmission electron microscopy and an X-ray microanalyzer were used and showed a beneficial effect of calcium preparations on the ultrastructure of fruit epidermis and hypodermis cells, manifested in the presence of a normally developed cell wall with a regular middle lamella, preserved continuity of cytoplasmic membranes, and stabilized cell structure. In the selected elements of apical epidermis cells, the highest level of Ca2+ ions was detected in the middle lamella, cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm. The highest increase in the Ca2+ content in these cell constituents was recorded in treatment IV, whereas the lowest value of the parameters was noted in variant III.

W pracy omówiono właściwości prozdrowotne jagody kamczackiej. Zwrócono uwagę na właściwości przeciwutleniające owoców. Scharakteryzowano substancje bioaktywne o właściwościach antyoksydacyjnych obecne w jagodach, zwłaszcza fenolokwasy, flawonoidy i witaminę C. Omówiono zależność składu chemicznego owoców od czynników genetycznych, klimatycznych i zastosowanych zabiegów uprawowych. Podkreślono łatwość uprawy jagody kamczackiej ze względu na małe wymagania siedliskowe, nieskomplikowaną pielęgnację, niezawodność w plonowaniu oraz odporność na patogeny. Celowość szerszej jej uprawy uzasadniono różnorodnymi możliwościami zastosowania owoców w żywieniu człowieka. Słowa kluczowe: właściwości przeciwutleniające owoców, mało znane rośliny sadownicze, substancje bioaktywne Wprowadzenie Jagoda kamczacka to nazwa rośliny owocodajnej, pochodzącej przede wszystkim od gatunków Lonicera kamtschatica oraz Lonicera caerulea (syn. Lonicera caerulea var. edulis), Lonicera altaica pochodzących z Rosji oraz Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx z Hokkaido w Japonii [1, 54]. Polska nazwa gatunku-jagoda kamczacka-ma wiele synonimów (wiciokrzew siny, suchodrzew jadalny, suchodrzew siny, suchodrzew błękitny, lonicera, borówka kamczacka) [14, 22]. Owocem jest mięsista, wydłużona, wielonasienna niby-jagoda o fioletowoczarnej barwie, pokryta niebieskim, woskowym nalotem. Ma kształt kubkowaty, owalny lub walcowato-elipsoidalny. Osiąga długość 1,5 ÷ 2,5 cm i szerokość do 1 cm. Tylko od

The same young cropping 'Regina' sweet cherry trees were foliar treated with prohexadione-calcium (Pro- Ca) in two consecutive years at a concentration of [ 125, 125 x 2, 250 ]-(A) and [ 250, 375, 500 ]-(B) mg ProCa l^-1, respectively. The following year some trees from A-treatments were left untreated to observe carry-over effects (C). None of A-treatments influenced tree trunk, shoot extension and internode growth, whereas B-treatments reduced shoot extension and internode length, simultaneously increasing flower bud density, particularly by 500 mg ProCa l^-1. There were no carry-over effects produced by C-trees, except some retardation in shoot extension. None of the treatments influenced the tree cropping level. Fruit diameter was reduced by A-treatments, but fruit shape (L/D ratio) and mass were reduced by treatments B, and such reduction was also exhibited by C-trees (residual effects)