This study presents up-to-date data on the distribution of the Western Painted Suillus Suillus lakei in Poland. This alien species of fungus was first recorded in Poland in 2012, followed by a second recording in 2013. The third site, presented in this article, was discovered in 2016. A description of the newly discovered site and the basidiomata is given. All three sites of S. lakei are located on private properties overgrown with young Douglas fir. Two of the three recorded sites are located within the boundaries of the Wielkopolskie Province, and one in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. Further expansion of this fungus in Poland is expected.
Recent years have brought dynamic developments in surveying equipment and techniques. These include reflectorless electromagnetic distance measurement (RL EDM), which is used in a range of devices, especially total stations. Studies concerning the influence of the reflecting surface on the accuracy of RL EDM tend to focus on the colour of the measurement surface, while the influence of the density and thickness of materials is usually neglected. Therefore, this study undertook to examine 53 samples representing various materials of dissimilar features: colour, type of surface and density. The results show that dark and mat surfaces cause higher RL EDM errors than bright, gloss materials. Nonetheless, 76% of the results were in compliance with equipment specifications. Moreover, it was found that the density of the samples had significant impact on the overall accuracy. RL EDM to EPS (expanded polystyrene sheets, low-density material, commonly called Styrofoam) involved a significantly higher error rate. It demonstrates that total station measurements and laser scanning should be performed cautiously, especially with regard to materials of low density (e.g., EPS) and on short distances, where the value of relative error is high.
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