In this paper, aiming at the complex background and overlapping characteristics in X-ray images, we propose an unique spatial attention mechanism based on the feedback of high-level semantic feature to guide low-level semantic features, named Feedback Guidance Mechanism (FGM). In addition, in view of the high probability of miss of small prohibited items, a feature aggregation method based on the fusion of high and low-level features and dilated convolution is proposed, named Feature Aggregation Module (FAM). Then, we combine FGM and FAM into a lightweight model SSD and get a new Prohibited Items Detector (PIXDet). Our experiments indicate that PIXDet is more lightweight, but it can achieve 90.36% mAP on PIXray dataset, exceeding SSD by 1.0% mAP, outperforming some state-of-the-art methods, implying its potential applications in prohibited items detection field.

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BackgroundDetermining risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality and evaluating their influence are important for effectively reducing corresponding mortality. However, few research findings have estimated the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and CVD-related mortality among hypertension individuals.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of AF in a hypertension population and determine the relationship between AF and CVD-related mortality.MethodsUsing a multistage, stratified, and cluster random sampling method, the prospective cohort study with a median follow-up of 3.51 years enrolled 10,678 hypertensive participants at baseline. The prevalence, awareness, and anticoagulation data of AF in this focal population were carefully assessed. Stepwise logistic regression and Cox regression analysis were respectively performed to evaluate the determinants of AF and the association between AF and CVD-related mortality.ResultsThe overall prevalence of AF was 1.3% (95% CI, 1.1%−1.6%) in the hypertensive population, and it was higher in men than in women (1.8% vs. 1.0%, respectively; p=0.001). The awareness of AF was 53.1%, and the rate of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy was only 4.2%, although all AF participants should have required according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. The determinants of AF included elder, male, and history of coronary heart disease in the hypertensive population. Besides, compared with individuals without AF, the risk of CVD-related mortality significantly increased in the hypertensive population with AF (HR 3.37, 95% CI 2.10–5.40).ConclusionOur results indicated a huge burden of AF and underuse of OAC therapy for them in a community-based hypertensive population. Considering that most of the risk factors of AF were unmodifiable in hypertensive individuals, as well as its high risk of mortality, long-term interventions including AF education, timely screening, and widespread use of OACs should be emphasized in the focal populations.