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Strip rolling simulations were carried out on a 0.06%C-0.3%Mn-0.01%Si and a 0.11%C-1.0%Mn-0.11%Si-0.03%Al-0.034%Nb steel over the temperature range 1 000°C to 883°C. Pass strains of 0.4 were applied at a strain rate of 1 s-1 with interpass times of 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, 3 s and 5 s. Two different temperature schedules were employed, namely i) continuous cooling at 6°C/s and ii) isothermal holding. The mean flow stresses (MFS's) applicable to strip rolling were determined by integration. The flow stress levels and MFS's decrease when the interpass times are short. When they are long, the flow stress increases with decreasing temperature. These observations indicate that the austenite is transforming dynamically into ferrite and statically into austenite. The nucleation and growth of the ferrite reduce the rolling load and modify the microstructure. The addition of Nb in solid solution delays the occurrence of dynamic transformation (and the retransformation of ferrite back into austenite). The forward nucleation of ferrite occurs displacively while the retransformation back into austenite takes place by a diffusional mechanism.

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Increasing evidence indicates that episodic future thinking (EFT) relies on both episodic and semantic memory; however, event familiarity may importantly affect the extent to which episodic and semantic memory contribute to EFT. To test this possibility, two behavioral experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, we directly compared the proportion of episodic and semantic memory used in an EFT task. The results indicated that more episodic memory was used when imagining familiar future events compared with novel future events. Conversely, significantly more semantic memory was used when imagining novel events compared with familiar events. Experiment 2 aimed to verify the results of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, we found that familiarity moderated the effect of priming the episodic memory system on EFT; particularly, it increased the time required to construct a standard familiar episodic future event, but did not significantly affect novel episodic event reaction time. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that event familiarity importantly moderates episodic and semantic memory's contribution to EFT.

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