High hepatocyte-selective enhancement is induced by expression patterns of transporters, which may result in accumulation of gadoxetic acid in cytoplasm of tumor cells or in lumina of pseudoglands. An HCC with gadoxetic acid enhancement is characterized by bile accumulation in tumors.

Reduced Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake might be an early event of hepatocarcinogenesis, preceding portal blood flow reduction. The hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI may help estimate histological grading, although difficulties exist in differentiating HCCs from DNs.

Double arterial phase imaging is recommended to improve detection of hypervascular HCCs and reduce false-positive lesions.

The purpose of this study was to clarify ultrasound (US) evaluation of microcalcifications and determine whether the calcifications seen in US scans can reliably predict malignant thyroid tumors. Diagnostic accuracy of microcalcification and other various signs seen in US scans for predicting malignancy was evaluated prospectively in 259 pathologically verified thyroid nodules. Sonographic and pathologic correlation of calcifications was performed on 69 of 99 surgically removed nodules. Pathologic studies revealed that hyperechoic areas with acoustic shadowing represented mostly amorphous dense calcifications and sometimes microcalcifications, but small particles without acoustic shadowing mainly reflected microcalcifications and sometimes large amount of fibrous bands and condensed colloids. Of the various sonographic signs, microcalcification showed the highest accuracy (76%), specificity (93%), and positive predictive value (70%) for malignancy as a single sonographic sign, but its sensitivity (36%) was poor. Although sonographic microcalcification showed relatively high specificity, the accuracy of this finding for malignancy was insufficient.

Multi-detector row CT scanning of patients with gastric cancer gave 93% accuracy in the assessment of serosal invasion in patients with gastric cancer.