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This article presents the community findings from a study of nurses in community and acute settings using Funk et al's Barriers to Research Utilization Scale (Barriers) (Funk et al, 1991a), which aimed to identify the main barriers to implementing research in practice. The Barriers questionnaire was sent to all nurses working in three community trusts in Yorkshire (n=2327), and practice nurses in one Yorkshire health authority (n=190). A 51.5% response rate gave a sample of 1297 nurses. The top two barriers were reported to be lack of time and resources. There were significant differences between sub-samples, e.g. older women perceived more barriers than younger colleagues, and practice nurses had particular problems with the cooperation of GPs. Factor analysis generated four new factors different from those found by Funk et al (1991a) (shown in brackets): benefits (nurse characteristics); quality (research characteristics); accessibility (presentation of the research characteristics) and resources (setting characteristics). Recommendations include developing nurses' critical appraisal skills so that, given more time and adequate resources, research findings might be judiciously implemented in practice.

This paper describes the output of a co-operative enquiry between Community Mental Health Nurses and their clients. Two nurses and two clients volunteered to participate as co-researchers and co-subjects with two facilitators in a co-operative inquiry group. The subject of the inquiry, agreed by the group, was the relationship between the nurse and client. The description of the nurse-client relationship and the influences on it is extremely rich and potentially useful with implications for clinical and managerial practice. Despite the limitations of the study, co-operative inquiry appears to be a useful vehicle for contributing to an increased understanding of the nurse-client relationship with potential for further research and development. Unsurprisingly, when both the relationship characteristics and the health care context are appropriate there seems to be more positive outcomes for both nurse and client. Within the current health policy context there are increased external demands with the potential to disrupt this relationship. Nurses need to be aware of the potential effects of these so that the relationship and the client do not suffer and health service managers need to be aware of the contribution their behaviour may have on the nurse-client relationship.

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