The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen was administered to dogs as a mixed-micelle solution at a dose rate of 0???7 mg/kg intravenously, as a palatable paste at a dose rate of 0???7 mg/kg orally, and as an oral tablet formulation at a dose rate of 0???7 mg/kg and 4-0 mg/kg orally for pharmacokinetic studies. It was also administered as an oral tablet formulation at a dose rate of 9-0 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days in a tolerance study. The pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration at a dose rate of 0???7 mg/kg indicate that carprofen has a small volume of distribution (Vd area = 0???09-0-25 litres), a slow systemic clearance (Cls = 1???34-5-57 ml/min) and an elimination half-life of 3???20-11-77 hours. Both oral paste and tablet preparations were highly bioavailable and absorption was proportional to dose rate at 0???7 mg/kg and 4-0 mg/kg bodyweight. Given once daily at dose rates likely to be used clinically it is unlikely to accumulate in the plasma. Carprofen administered as a palatable paste at a dose rate of 0???7 mg/kg did not inhibit serum thromboxane generation and this drug may therefore have a mode of action different from most NSAIDs. Carprofen was well tolerated when administered as an oral tablet formulation at a dose rate of 9.0 mg/kg daily for 14 days in healthy beagle do

Purpose -The purpose of the paper is to assess the strategic role that the human resource department (HRD) can play in the development and implementation of an organization's sustainability program.Design/methodology/approach -The paper reviews the environmental and social challenges that give rise to sustainability efforts, and outlines areas of potential benefit to an organization of the efforts.Findings -The article posits that such programs require change in organizational culture, which in turn demands new leadership competencies, behaviors and mindsets. It instances the action reflection learning (ARL) learning methodology and its project-based programs as proven means for developing those competencies through collaborative teamwork and specific learning goals.Originality/value -The paper proposes that HRD is uniquely positioned to support the organization's sustainability goals of profit, people and planet, while retaining its competitive advantage.

The kinetics and efficacy of a cinchophen prednisolone combination preparation (PLT) were assessed in the dog. Cinchophen administered at a dose rate of 12-5 mg/kg intravenously had a volume of distribution (Vd area) of 0???13 litres/kg, a clearance rate (Cl) of 0???15 litres/h and a half-life (t 1/2?? of 7???92 hours. Following oral administration the bioavailability was 87-21 per cent. Prednisolone administered at a dose rate of 0???15 mg/kg intravenously had a Vd area of 2???7 litres/kg, a CI of 0???116 litres/h and a t1/2?? of 1???11 hours. PLT given to dogs with osteoarthritis at a dosage range of between 25 and 44 mg/kg per day cinchophen and between 0???125 and 0???220 mg/kg per day prednisolone for a maximum of 14 days significantly improved lameness (P<0???001), weight bearing (P<0???005), joint mobility (P<0???01) and stiffness (P<0???001) scores and was similar in clinical efficacy to phenylbutazon

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