Introduction: Cancer and its complications are not limited to the patients and affect their caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the caregiver burden, and stress, anxiety, and depression in these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 caregivers of cancer patients referred to the Imam Reza Hospital in Bojnurd City were selected through the convenience sampling method. The data instruments included the caregiver burden questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test using SPSS v.16. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the caregiver burden and depression, anxiety, and stress scale were 29.79 ± 19.36 and 74.46 ± 19.88, respectively. The correlation between the caregiver burden and depression (0.598), anxiety (0.569), and stress (0.629) was positive and this relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that more than half of cancer patient's caregivers had experienced high and very high burden. In spite of this burden, their mental health is in an acceptable state. Caregivers' assessment and family-centered rehabilitation programs seem necessary.

Background & Aim:Enteral nutrition standards noncompliance is one of the factors that threatens patient safety. Auditing is an important part in quality improvement processes. The aim of this study was to determine enteral nutrition nursing care conformity rate with standards in the critical care units. Methods & Materials:In this descriptive study, 400 enteral feeding nursing care were assessed via time and event sampling methods. The tool was a researcher made check list in three fields: pre-feeding, feeding, and post feeding nursing care. Content validity and interrater coefficient reliability were calculated for checklist. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The most conformity rate with standards was in feeding (86%), pre-feeding (3/8 %) and post feeding (2/3%) field, respectively. Determination of PH (100%) and accurate gastric residual volume (99.8%) in pre-feeding field, disconnection of the syringe from catheter after feeding, in feeding filed and accurate documentation of the care (99.3%) in post feeding field, were not implemented in the most of cases. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition nursing care is far from standards in the pre and post feeding fields. Lack of the clear clinical guidelines, shortage of nursing staff and equipment and inadequate training are relating factors.

Background & Objectives: Sensory deprivation is one of the complications threatening the comatose patients. Sensory stimulation is a treatment that awakes the brain's reticular activating system, which helps brain reorganization. This study aimed to investigate the impact of familiar sensory stimulation on level of Consciousness in patients with head injury in ICU. Material & Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with head injury in ICUs of Mashhad Emdadi Hospital. Intervention was the presence of family members and provides sensory stimulation in first 6 days of admission. Patients consciousness checked on GCS score on the first day and sixth and findings was analyzed with the SPSS 11.5. Results: According to the non-normal distribution of the GCS, the Mann-Whitney test was used. The results of this test showed that the GCS in first day were homogeneous in two groups (P=0/402). Increase of GCS on the sixth day in the intervention group was more statistically significant than the control group (P=0/002). Conclusion: Early sensory stimulation is increase consciences in patients with brain injury. Revising in visiting policy in intensive care unit can be appropriate to provide positive effects of family presence on patient.

Abstract:Background:Falling from a tree is one of the major causes of serious injuries in farmers but it can be prevented. Walnut is one of the most important agricultural products in Iran and falling from walnut trees is common during the season of harvest. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of complications due to falling from walnut tree in patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnurd City, Iran.Methods:A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 127 patients with injuries due to falling from the walnut tree in Bojnurd City, Iran, in the walnut harvest season of August 2013 to November 2014. The tools used for data collection in this study included a demographic information form, checklists of information about the injury and the follow-up checklist of treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by the SPSS software version 16. Results:From a total of 127 injured patients, 120 cases (94.4%) were males with a mean age of 36.49 ± 15.65 years. Five patients died on the day of admission. Eighty two patients (64.56%) were admitted in hospital wards. The most common type of injuries were trunk injuries (26.19%), followed by spinal cord injuries (18.1%). Also, 7 patients suffered from complete spinal cord injury.Conclusions:Injuries caused by falling from walnut trees are seasonal and impose large financial burden on our health system. In most cases, young men suffer from varying degrees of disability and experience financial problems. It is very important to train farmers and workers, so as to prevent such injuries.

BackgroundOrgan donation in Iran is common. Bojnurd (North Khorasan, Iran) is a multi-ethnic city, and people with different religions and cultures live together and that could be associated with their behavior and attitude towards health-related issues. So far, no study has taken place on brain death and organ donation in the province of North Khorasan.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of citizens of Bojnurd toward brain death and organ donation.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2014, on 380 Bojnurd citizens who were selected through multi-stage sampling. The tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in three parts (demographic information, awareness and attitude surveys), containing 10 questions on awareness and 18 questions on attitude. The questionnaire validity and reliability were confirmed by content validity and Cronbach’s alpha (0.76). The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16, using Chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Significance level was set at p<0.05.ResultsThree hundred and eighty participants with the average age of 29.91±9.32 were studied, of which 55% were female. The average score of awareness and attitude was 11.42 (±2.40) and 39.8 (±6.01) respectively. The awareness of the majority of the people (63%) regarding organ donation was moderate and the attitude toward organ donation in the majority (74.1%) was poor. In people with poor attitudes, awareness was also lower, and this was statistically significant (p=0.047).Conclusionthe attitude towards organ donation was negative in the majority of the citizens. In order to correct the beliefs, develop positive attitude and increase citizens’ knowledge, public education is essential.