Purpose The emergence of digital technological advances pushes educators for understanding and utilizing these technologies for classroom use. The current generation of teenagers has grown up in a networked world where everyone is immersed in technology-based gadgets in everyday life. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate video game-based academic and information literacy (IL) learning of teenagers of private schools of Lahore city. Lahore is the capital city of the province of Punjab. Literary works highlighted the importance of video games in developing academic and IL skills; therefore, the current research aims to reveal this fact in local context. Design/methodology/approach The present study adopted qualitative research design and utilized phenomenological research method to achieve study’s objectives. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The study participants were teenagers (aged 13‒19 years) of elite economic class of private schools where students normally owned latest video game gadgets. Findings Based on the study findings, it is elucidated that playing video games has a positive impact on teenagers’ learning, and it promotes quick thinking. The participants exert effort to achieve goals, take up challenges for completing different points at various stages of games and interact with online competitors. It enhanced their social communication, problem-solving and IL (searching/locating and evaluating) skills. Research limitations/implications The present study has some limitations. First, sample is limited to elite economic private schools of Lahore. Second, the lack of availability of regular video game players has limited the sample size, as Pakistan is a developing country and limited numbers of teenagers use and can afford gaming gadgets. Lastly, the results of this study are based on students’ perceptions, so there is a need to measure actual learning with assessments. Originality/value The results of the study are beneficial for the game developers, teachers, librarians and parents. The education sector may support video games usability as learning tools.

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This article is totally based on the literature review about gene expression. Gene is the part of the DNA that is responsible for the formation of the genotype and then a phenotype. Gene can only be expressed in case of formation of protein. The process of the gene expression is accomplished in the two steps; Transcription and translation. Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA. Transcription proceeds in the three steps. In initiation step the RNA polymerase moves on the unwind DNA strand until the promoter sequence is reached, next is the elongation step in the newly synthesized RNA strand elongates, the process terminates as the RNA polymerase realize the termination sequence. After the mRNA is formed it is released into the cytoplasm without any alterations in case of prokaryotes, but in case of eukaryotes post transcriptional modifications takes place which include capping, tailing and splicing. Translation is the process of the formation of protein from mRNA. Translation proceeds in the four steps in which the t RNA is charged, the initiation complex is formed with Met-tRNA at the P site start codon is recognized after binding of the ribosomal subunits to mRNA, in elongation step the peptide bond is formed and the polypeptide chain grows, stop codons enters at the A site and thus the process is terminated.

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The incidence of urinary stone disease has shown a steep rise in recent decades in all industrialized countries, as did the incidence of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Objective:  To determine the incidence of nephrolithiasis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at University of Lahore’s Ultrasound Centre.  300 patients of age group 19 to 85 were enrolled in this study with convenient sampling technique. Out of 300 patients 184 were males and 116 were females and half of them were with the history of diabetes and remaining were normal. Results: Out of 300 patients 150 (50%) patients were with the history of diabetes and 150 (50%) were normal. 184 (61.3%) males and 116 (38.7%) females were enrolled in this study. Out of 300 patients 177(59.0%) patients were obese and 113 (41%) were normal. In this study different age groups were selected. Mean ± SD value of age was 40.796 ± 16.110. Out of 150 diabetic patients, 120 (80.0%) were diagnosed with renal stones. Conclusions: It is concluded that the patients with the history of diabetes are more likely to develop kidneys stones as compared to non-diabetic patients. Males are more likely to develop kidney stones than females