Objectives: To determine prevalence of deep bite and gender association with respect to age. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15 December 2018 to 14 June 2019. Material & Methods: A study with 200 (126 females, 74 males) patients were taken as a sample after being examined in Chi square test was applied to determine association. Results: Deep bite was observed in 43% of patients in total sample of 200. Out of which 61.1% is found in females and 38.4% in males. It is also observed that age is an effect modifier with respect to gender. Conclusions: There as an insignificant difference in distribution of deep bite males and females. It is observed that with increasing ages deep bite decreases considerably.

Overthinking is most common in students nowadays after the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. The main reason behind this is due to lockdown or quarantine at home for a long time. The coronavirus infected many people some have died, and this may cause worry and ruminative thoughts that result in mental illness. This research is designed to study the significant exposure of overthinking in which we take five factors related to overthinking. For this purpose, we used a sample of 150 students from different universities in Multan via purposive and snowball sampling. The variables of the study are Rumination, Depression, Brooding, Worry, and the Mental health of the students. These were measured on the Likert scale through the questionnaire. The findings concluded that there is a positive correlation among all the variables of the study. From the correlation matrix, we see that mental health is strongly correlated with rumination and worry. Mental health is one of the causes of overthinking, it is used as a dependent variable in this study. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model is used to check the effect of rumination, brooding, depression, and worry on mental health. Results show that rumination and worry were the significant exposures for making changes in mental health. The study concluded that as rumination and worry increase, mental health disturbs so which may result in overthinking in the students. This study will be helpful for worldwide students to overcome mental health problem and fight against overthinking during any pandemic.

The hydro-meteorological variables of extreme rainfall are not easy to explain due to unexpected changes in climate and varied usage of water with growing population. Regional rainfall frequency analysis is the one such method that is useful for the requirement of more accurate estimates of rainfall yearly or desineally for the regions having lack of fresh water resources. The series of Annual Maximum Monthly Rainfall Totals (AMMRT) has been used for the seven sites of northern Punjab, Pakistan using L-moments. The results of different test, the run test, lag-1 correlation and Mann-Whitney U test illustrate that the data series of the seven sites of northern Punjab were found random and independently and identically distributed and have no serial correlation. Heterogeneity measure exposed that the region is homogeneous and discordancy measure gives the evidence that no site is discordant among the seven. The result of goodness of fit test including L-moment Ratio diagrams, ZDIST statistic and Mean Absolute Deviation Index exposed the Pearson Type III (PE3), Generalized Normal (GNO) and Generalized Extreme Value(GEV) are best suitable of the regional distribution for the quantiles estimation. The quantiles estimates obtained for different return periods. A linear regression model was developed with good fit between the at site characteristics and the mean of the AMMRT of the sites. The estimates of the study may be used for the estimation of the rainfall quantiles of the seven sites for different return periods. The estimates will be useful to design future preventive measures for the harmful impact of hydro meteorological events at these sites in Punjab Pakistan.

Abstract-The monsoon data series of the seven sites were found random and identically distributed with no serial correlation. These results were the output of the run test, lag-1 correlation and Mann-Whitney U test. The Lmoment based discordancy measure exposed no site discordant in the group of seven. The heterogeneity measure concluded a homogenous region of the seven sites. The L-moment Ratio diagrams exposed the Generalized Normal as the best choice of the regional distribution and is used for the quantile estimation. The estimates of the study may be used for the estimation of the rainfall quantiles of the seven sites for different return periods. The estimates will be provocative to design future preventive measures for the harmful impact of hydro meteorological events at these sites in Punjab Pakistan.