Introduction: Anchorage conservation in orthodontics has always been a challenge. Objective: The aim of this current study was to find out the failure rate of miniscrews inserted in the maxillary tuberosity (MT) region. Methods: This pilot study consisted of 40 patients (23 female, 17 male; mean age = 20.1±8.9 years) that had received 60 MT miniscrews for orthodontic treatment. Clinical notes and pictures were used to find out the primary outcome of miniscrew failure. Independent failure factors were also investigated. Logistic regression analysis was done for predictor’s relation with MT miniscrews failure. Results: There was no significant correlation in failure rate according to various predictor variables, except for miniscrews installed by lesser experienced operators, which showed significantly more failure. The odds ratio for miniscrew failure placed by inexperienced operators was 4.16. Conclusion: A 26.3% failure rate of mini-implants inserted in the MT region was observed.

Objectives: To determine prevalence of deep bite and gender association with respect to age. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15 December 2018 to 14 June 2019. Material & Methods: A study with 200 (126 females, 74 males) patients were taken as a sample after being examined in Chi square test was applied to determine association. Results: Deep bite was observed in 43% of patients in total sample of 200. Out of which 61.1% is found in females and 38.4% in males. It is also observed that age is an effect modifier with respect to gender. Conclusions: There as an insignificant difference in distribution of deep bite males and females. It is observed that with increasing ages deep bite decreases considerably.

Introduction: Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue. Hyoid bone is attached to mandible and cranium by different ligaments and muscular attachments and plays important role in maintaining of functions of oral cavity such as posture of tongue. Materials & Method: Study was carried out in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan in May-June 2019. Lateral cephalogram of 113 patients were taken from orthodontic department and drawn by using 3H pencil and acetate matte sheets. Skeletal malocclusions were distributed into Class I, Class II and Class III on the bases of ANB angle. Hyoid bone position was determined using method devised by Bibby and Preston. IBM SPSS was used to assess the statistical data and mean, correlations and one sample t-test were applied. Result: Data shows that in population of Multan, Pakistan, hyoid bone is posterior and downward in position and lies close to mandibular plane. Mean value of C3-H, Hyoid angle and H-RGn was 28.76mm ± 4.01mm, 15.26º ± 5.85º and 33.6mm ± 6.12mm. Conclusion: It is concluded that hyoid bone is positioned more downward and backward direction in Skeletal Class I cases from given sample, moderately in Class III and less in Class II cases.

Introduction: The research for finding the most effective teaching methodis still on. The aim of current study was to find out the perceptions of dental interns after aproblem based learning (PBL) sessions on a topic of orthodontic case planning. Study Design:Experimental, Quasi study. Setting: Orthodontic Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University.Period: 15.8.2017 to 5.2.2018. Materials & Methods: Thirty two dental interns were selectedat Orthodontic Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University. On initial case planning sessions,baseline theoretical knowledge was provided on the topic of ‘Premolar extractions’. In betweenthe sessions dental interns were asked to answer five multiple choice questions relative to oneorthodontic case (OPG, Lateral cephalograms, Photographs) they were given. On a final caseplanning sessions, orthodontic case discussion case took place with an expert orthodontist,at the end of which dental interns were asked to rate their experiences about PBL sessionby filling questionnaire anonymously. Results: Results showed that dental interns perceivedPBL to stimulate their attentiveness, interest, and interactivity with fellow interns, motivation foradditional case study and learning efficacy. Conclusion: Perceptions of dental interns werepositive after a problem based learning attempt on a topic of orthodontic case planning.

Collum angle, supplementary angle between longitudinal axis of crown-to-root, is an important consideration in patients receiving orthodontic treatment This angulation in labio-lingual direction is a key factor for proper occlusion and is greatly affected by lower lip line levels in different malocclusions. Objective: To find the relationship between collum angle of maxillary central incisor and lower lip line in patients presenting with different malocclusions. Methods: Cross-sectional, Comparative Study conducted in Orthodontics department of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan.From September 2020 to February 2021. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 105 patients (39 males and 66 females)were selected with age range of 9-30 years. Patients were divided in 4 groups i.e Class I, Class II div I, Class II div II and class III. Collum angle was measured along with assessing lower lip-line level with central incisor. One-way ANOVA test was applied to compare level of lower lip and collum angle. Results: Mean value of collum angle was 5.82˚±5˚ for class I, 3.68˚ ± 9˚ for class II div I, 11.7˚± 5˚ for class II div II, and 6.88˚± 7 ˚for class III. Collum angle of maxillary central incisor was greatly increased in patients with class II div II malocclusion than other groups. Conclusions: Collum angle found to be highest in class II div II malocclusion group. Lower lip line resting on middle third level of maxillary central incisor crown in div II group explains this exceeding value of collum angle