Young individuals of the bottom-biting (i.e. sediment-ingesting) common carp Cyprinus carpio and gudgeon Gobio gobio consumed significant amounts of nematodes in laboratory experiments, whereas the selective-feeding roach Rutilus rutilus did not. In mesocosm enclosure experiments in the field, C. carpio strongly decreased the nematode abundance within 4 days, whereas the bottom-biting bream Abramis brama did not affect the abundance until after 14 days. In controlled experiments with a known number of prey, C. carpio but not A. brama significantly reduced the number of nematodes, and G. gobio reduced the nematode abundance dependent on the size of the fish, with smaller fish causing a greater reduction. Cyprinus carpio consumed the nematodes and did not just mechanically kill them in the sediment, as shown by dissection of the fish intestine. Morphometric analysis of the branchial baskets indicated that the mesh width of C. carpio, but not of A. brama, is suitable for consuming meiobenthos. The results indicate that the meiobenthos is a food resource for certain bottom-feeding freshwater fishes.
Der Beitrag beschreibt das Konzept einer vollständig datenbasierten, weitgehend automatisierten Prozedur für die Zustandsbewertung von Oberflächenschutzsystemen von Stahlbauten am Beispiel der Turmstruktur einer Onshore‐Windenergieanlage. Es werden Akquisition, Bearbeitung und Bewertung der Daten sowie ihre Implementierung in ein mathematisch‐empirisches Zustandsbewertungsmodell beschrieben und diskutiert. Das Zustandsbewertungsmodell beruht auf der Bestimmung eines lokalen Abbaugrads, der für am Bauwerk jeweils eindeutig zugeordnete Referenzbereiche bestimmt wird. Die Erstellung der Referenzbereiche mittels einer In situ Virtual Twin Computation wird vorgestellt und bewertet. Die vorgeschlagene datenbasierte Bewertungsprozedur wird anhand eines Stahlturms einer Onshore‐Windenergieanlage in ländlicher korrosiver Umgebung erläutert. Anwendungen auf Stahlbauwerken mit vergleichbarer Geometrie (Silos, Schornsteine, Pfähle) sowie auf Stahlbauwerken unter Offshore‐Bedingungen sind möglich.
The application of protective coating systems is the major measure against the corrosion of steel for tower sections of wind turbines. The inspection, condition monitoring and maintenance of protective coating system is a demanding and time-consuming procedure and requires high human effort. The paper introduces for the first time a Digital Twin concept for the condition monitoring and prescriptive maintenance planning for surface protection systems on wind turbine towers. The initial point of the concept is an in-situ Virtual Twin for the generation of reference areas for condition monitoring. The paper describes the integration of an online image annotation and processing tool, a maintenance model, corrosive resistance parameters, structural load parameters, and sensor data into the Digital Twin concept. The prospects of the concept and its practical relevance are shown for tower structures of large onshore wind turbines.
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