A suspension-based piezoelectric microactuator has been developed for dual-stage servo systems in hard disk drives. The suspension is designed to meet the requirements of high recording density, high shock resistance, high productivity, and a load/unload structure. This paper describes the structure of the actuator and its mechanical characteristics.Index Terms-Dual-stage actuator, hard disk drive, microactuator, piezoelectric actuator, shock-resistance.

Ϫ is used as a substrate for respiration and/or assimilation. In animals, including humans, NO 3 Ϫ and NO 2 Ϫ (NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ ) were recognized for a long time as being merely inert oxidants of nitric oxide (NO) (1). NO is a key signaling molecule that regulates a vast range of physiological functions, such as vascular homeostasis, neurotransmission, and host defense (2). Intriguingly, many studies over the last decade revealed that these inert NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ species are physiologically recycled to form NO and other reactive nitrogen species through the "nitrate-nitritenitric oxide (NO 3 Ϫ -NO 2 Ϫ -NO) pathway" (3-5). Currently, NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ are considered as stable reservoirs for NO-like bioactivity, and several beneficial aspects of NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases by restoring NO homeostasis are reported (5, 6).As the regulation of NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ in physiological processes is an attractive therapeutic target, it is important to understand NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ in biological processes, how intracellular levels are regulated, and how they control cellular processes. The most frequently used method for NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ measurement is based on the Griess reaction (7). The Griess method is also used to assess NO synthesis because of the immediate conversion of NO into NO 3 Ϫ

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract