Constraint programming is well suited for the computational modeling of music theories and composition: its declarative and modular approach shares similarities with the way music theory is traditionally expressed, namely by a set of rules which describe the intended result. Various music theory disciplines have been modeled, including counterpoint, harmony, rhythm, form, and instrumentation. Because modeling music theories "from scratch" is a complex task, generic music constraint programming systems have been proposed that predefine the required building blocks for modeling a range of music theories. After introducing the field and its problems in general, this survey compares these generic systems according to a number of criteria such as the range of music theories these systems support.

-Brain-Computer Music Interface (BCMI) is a new research area that is emerging at the cross roads of neurobiology, engineering sciences and music. This research involves three major challenging problems: the extraction of meaningful control information from signals emanating directly from the brain, the design of generative music techniques that respond to such information, and the training of subjects to use the system. We have implemented a proof-of-concept BCMI system that is able to use electroencephalogram information to generate music online. Ongoing research informed by a better understanding of brain activity associated with music cognition, and the development of new tools and techniques for implementing braincontrolled generative music systems offer a bright future for the development of BCMI.Index Terms -Biomedical engineering, electroencephalogram, functional magnetic resonance imaging, music.

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