Seven regions with coastal eutrophication problems in the Baltic Sea, including the Kattegat, constitute the BERNET project (Baltic Eutrophication Regional Network). To counteract eutrophication and associated severe biological conditions the countries around this large brackish water body must all cooperate. The regions are characterized by large differences in land use, e.g. agricultural intensity, and losses of retention capacity in the catchments due to wetland reclamation. Initially it has been necessary to identify nutrient sources--especially nitrogen--and technical, economical and even administrative obstacles to initiate eutrophication management measures. Nitrogen retention in different types of wetlands in the Baltic Sea Region has been analysed. The wetlands generally have a positive effect on reduced nitrogen transport to aquatic environments and it is generally accepted that measures leading to decreased losses of nutrients to the aquatic environment must be combined with measures leading to increased retention of nutrients in catchments. Data analysed in the BERNET project show that the potential for such a measure is large. Therefore, conservation and restoration initiatives for wetlands is an essential part of the work in the BERNET project. Wetlands have been drained or totally eliminated due to intensive agriculture in some regions while large scale rehabilitation of wetlands occurs in regions with less intensive agriculture. Based on land use data from the seven regions, the working group for wetland management within the BERNET project has identified the possible use of wetlands as building blocks as a contribution to the management of the Baltic Sea eutrophication. Several recommendations are presented on the wise use of existing and constructed wetlands for water quality management in relation to non-point nutrient pollution.

The heavy use of manure and fertilizers has in some parts of Sweden resulted in unacceptable concentrations of nitrate in ground water used for private and municipal water supply. In Halland for example, several of the municipal water supplies have nitrate concentrations close to 50 mg/I. Either anionic exchange or mixing with water with less nitrate are used to reduce the nitrate content in the distributed water. However, some wells have been abandoned because of high nitrate concentrations. In this study an attempt is made to reduce the nitrogen contamination of the ground water at the source. In well recharge areas the agricultural practices are investigated and, if necessary, alterations are proposed to the farmer in order to decrease the nitrogen leaching from the soil profile. The effect of these improvements is continuously studied in soil and ground water. An action plan is proposed for water supplies with dominating arable land in the recharge area.

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Der Beitrag stellt eine leicht abgewandelte Fassung einer Fortgeschrittenenhausarbeit dar, die im Herbst-/Wintersemester 2018 an der Universität Mannheim gestellt wurde. Die Schwerpunkte liegen im Allgemeinen und Besonderen Teil des Schuldrechts. Hierbei werden klassische Problemstellungen (u. a. Gefahrübergang, Anwendungsbereich des Verbrauchsgüterkaufs bei dual use-Gütern und Existenzgründern, Abgrenzung Vertrag und Gefälligkeit, Haftungsprivilegierungen) mit aktuellen Fragen des Erfüllungsrechts im bargeldlosen Zahlungsverkehr (PayPal und SEPA-Basis-Lastschriftverfahren) und einer aufbautechnisch anspruchsvollen Drittschadenskonstellation verbunden.

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