An Attempt to Reduce Nitrate Content in Ground Water Used for Municipal Water Supply by Changing Agricultural Practices

Andersson, Rune; Kindt, Torsten; Johansson, Per-Olof; Maxe, Lena

doi:10.2166/nh.1984.0015

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The nitrate leached out of the root zone can contammate groundwater supplies and present health related concerns. Leaching of nitrogen below the crop root zone has been reported by several investigators (Alberts and Spomer, 1985;Andersson et al, 1984;Baker, 1985;Baker and Johnson, 1981;Bergstorm' 1987;Burwell et al, 1976;Chichester, 1976;Kanwar et al, 1985b;Owens, 1987). Alberts and Spomer (1985) found that 85% of the NO3-N present in the soil profile was below 1.8 m in normally fertilized watersheds and positionally unavailable for crop uptake.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 75%

Tillage and Split N-Fertilization Effects on Subsurface Drainage Water Quality and Crop Yields

Kanwar¹,

Baker²,

Baker³

1988

Transactions of the ASAE

131

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Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of no-till and conventional tillage, and single and slit Nfertilizer applications, for continuous corn production on the leaching of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) through subsurface drainage water and below the root zone. The comparison between conventional and no-till was made by applying a single application of 175 kg-N/ha at the time of planting, and the comparison between single and split N applications was made for the no-tillage system. Six experimental plots, each drained with a single subsurface drain, were intercepted by installing sumps for measuring drain flow rates and collecting drainage water samples for NO3-N analyses. Also, four sets of piezometers were installed for deep water sampling. In the first year of the experiments, tillage and N-fertilizer management schemes did not significantly affect NO3-N concentrations in drainage. However, in the third year, the average NO3-N concentrations in drainage from conventional tillage plots were significantly greater than those of no-till plots when a single application of 175 kg-N/ha was made. The results of this study indicate that split N-applications totaling 125 kg/ha reduced NO3-N concentrations in drainage compared with a single, higher rate of application of 175 kg/ha for the no-tillage treatment. Disciplines Agriculture | Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering | Hydrology | Water Resource ManagementComments ABSTRACT F IELD experiments were conducted to study the effects of no-till and conventional tillage, and single and slit N-fertilizer applications, for continuous corn production on the leaching of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) through subsurface drainage water and below the root zone. The comparison between conventional and no-till was made by applying a single application of 175 kg-N/ha at the time of planting, and the comparison between single and split N applications was made for the no-tillage system. Six experimental plots, each drained with a single subsurface drain, were intercepted by installing sumps for measuring drain flow rates and collecting drainage water samples for NO3-N analyses. Also, four sets of piezometers were installed for deep water sampling.In the first year of the experiments, tillage and N-fertilizer management schemes did not significantly affect NO3-N concentrations in drainage. However, in the third year, the average NO3-N concentrations in drainage from conventional tillage plots were significantly greater than those of no-till plots when a single application of 175 kg-N/ha was made. The results of this study indicate that split N-applications totaling 125 kg/ha reduced NO3-N concentrations in drainage compared with a single, higher rate of application of 175 kg/ha for the no-tillage treatment.

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Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 75%

Tillage and Split N-Fertilization Effects on Subsurface Drainage Water Quality and Crop Yields

Kanwar¹,

Baker²,

Baker³

1988

Transactions of the ASAE

131

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“…Bergstrom (1986) noted that fertilized (120 kg N ha-1 ) annual ryegrass intersown with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) reduced the mineral N content in the surface 1 m of soil by 23 kg N ha-l compared to similar treatments with-869 out ryegrass. Andersson et al (1984) observed mean nitrate levels of 50 kg N ha-l in the surface 1 m of soil in November after spring cereals had been grown, in contrast to levels of 9 kg N ha-1 following spring cereals undersown with grass.…”

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confidence: 81%

Conserving Residual Corn Fertilizer Nitrogen with Winter Cover Crops

1992

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Autumn residual fertilizer nitrogen (FN) can be easily leached into groundwater in humid climates. Winter cover crops were evaluated for their ability to assimilate residual corn FN and thereby reduce N losses. Labelled FN (15N depleted) was applied to corn in Maryland in 1986 and 1987 at rates of 0, 168, and 336 kg FN ha− on a Mattapex silt loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, typic Hapludult). Cover crop treatments following corn harvest were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), or annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and a weed/fallow control of chickweed (Stellaria media L.). The covers were harvested three times the following spring and dry matter yields (DM), %N, and atom % 15N were determined to assess FN uptake. Fall labelled N in the soil (to 80 cm) averaged 17 and 114 kg FN ha−1 over both years for the 168 and 336 kg FN ha−1 rates, respectively. However, the quantity of total residual mineral N (soil N plus FN) after the 168 kg ha−1 rate was 87 kg N ha−1, which was comparable to the quantity of labelled N at the high fertilizer rate. The average cover crop FN uptake (kg FN ha−1) in mid‐April after the 336 kg N ha−1 treatment was 48 for cereal rye, 29 for annual ryegrass, 9 for hairy vetch, 8 for crimson clover, and 6 kg FN ha−1 for the native weed cover (LSD P = 0.05 of 7 kg FN ha−1). Corresponding percent recoveries of the fall N in the aboveground DM were 45% for cereal rye, 27% for annual ryegrass, 9 for hairy vetch, 8% for crimson clover, and 8% for native weed cover. These results show that grass cover crops conserved the most FN. Cereal rye recovered more FN through mid‐April because of its growth in cool weather, although annual ryegrass was equally effective if grown to mid‐May. Renewed efforts should be made to utilize grass cover crops to conserve N in humid climates.

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“…The more extensive root system of cereal rye, compared with other small grains, is an advantage when used as a cover crop for erosion control (Fribourg 1973). Various studies have demonstrated the utility of a cereal rye cover crop for weed control (Barnes and Putnam 1986;Bellinder et al 2004;Hinen and Worsham 1990;Mitchell and Teel 1977;Teasdale et al 1991;Zasada et al 1997) or to reduce nitrogen losses (Anderson et al 1984;Bergstrom 1986;Coale et al 2001;Shipley et al 1992). Zasada et al (1997) reported good common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) control at densities between 20 and 40 weeds/m 2 with a cereal rye cover crop, but poor control at densities between 150 and 170 weeds/m 2 .…”

Section: Cover Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feral Rye (Secale cereale) in Agricultural Production Systems

et al. 2006

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Feral rye, commonly referred to as cereal, winter, common, or volunteer rye, is an important weed in winter wheat production in many parts of the United States and the world. Feral rye reduces net profits in the United States by more than $27 million due to lower grain yields, increased dockage, and reduced land values. To date, limited research has been conducted on components that make feral rye a problem in various cropping systems. Herbicide-tolerant wheat technology can be used to manage feral rye, but current efficacy levels are not adequate for high feral rye densities. In addition, the long-term effects that individual management strategies may have on feral rye populations are unknown. This review addresses the physical, environmental, and genetic characteristics ofSecale cereale. Current economic impact, management, and research data gaps are also discussed.

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An Attempt to Reduce Nitrate Content in Ground Water Used for Municipal Water Supply by Changing Agricultural Practices

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Tillage and Split N-Fertilization Effects on Subsurface Drainage Water Quality and Crop Yields

Tillage and Split N-Fertilization Effects on Subsurface Drainage Water Quality and Crop Yields

Conserving Residual Corn Fertilizer Nitrogen with Winter Cover Crops

Feral Rye (Secale cereale) in Agricultural Production Systems

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