The main and intermediate bronchial stumps, and the stumps in cases with previous ipsilateral thoracotomy or receiving induction therapy are prone to BPFs. Preventive coverage should be considered for these stumps. Our methods for reinforcement of stapled stumps are thought to be reliable.

In current times, IPLNs are not uncommon lesions. We should consider IPLN in the differential diagnosis of solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules in the peripheral field and below the level of the carina. Thin-section CT showed precisely the border or relation between IPLNs and the surrounding structure. It was difficult to distinguish between IPLNs and malignant nodules from the degree of enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT. On thin-section and contrast-enhanced CT, the findings of IPLNs are not necessarily specific. Therefore, strict observation on CT is necessary; in certain cases that are increasing in size, video-assisted thoracic surgery should be considered because of their location.

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