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Photovoltaic properties of a photovoltaic cell with structure indium–tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO/C60/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PAT6)/Au have been investigated. The C60/PAT6 heterojunction of this cell was fabricated by spin-coating a chloroform solution of PAT6 onto the C60 thin film formed on ZnO-coated ITO. Fabricated by this method, the photovoltaic cell has demonstrated a high efficiency for solar cells based on organic polymers, i.e. a monochromic external quantum efficiency of over 70% at the peak wavelength and a power conversion efficiency of 1.0% under AM1.5 spectral illumination of 100 mW cm−2.

Aim Adolescence is a crucial stage of psychological development and is critically vulnerable to the onset of psychopathology. Our understanding of how the maturation of endocrine, epigenetics, and brain circuit may underlie psychological development in adolescence, however, has not been integrated. Here, we introduce our research project, the population‐neuroscience study of the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (pn‐TTC), a longitudinal study to explore the neurobiological substrates of development during adolescence. Methods Participants in the first wave of the pn‐TTC (pn‐TTC‐1) study were recruited from those of the TTC study, a large‐scale epidemiological survey in which 3171 parent–adolescent pairs were recruited from the general population. Participants underwent psychological, cognitive, sociological, and physical assessment. Moreover, adolescents and their parents underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; structural MRI, resting‐state functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and adolescents provided saliva samples for hormone analysis and for DNA analysis including epigenetics. Furthermore, the second wave (pn‐TTC‐2) followed similar methods as in the first wave. Results A total of 301 parent–adolescent pairs participated in the pn‐TTC‐1 study. Moreover, 281 adolescents participated in the pn‐TTC‐2 study, 238 of whom were recruited from the pn‐TTC‐1 sample. The instruction for data request is available at: http://value.umin.jp/data-resource.html. Conclusion The pn‐TTC project is a large‐scale and population‐neuroscience‐based survey with a plan of longitudinal biennial follow up. Through this approach we seek to elucidate adolescent developmental mechanisms according to biopsychosocial models. This current biomarker research project, using minimally biased samples recruited from the general population, has the potential to expand the new research field of population neuroscience.

Background The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a comprehensive, literature-derived index for assessing the effect of dietary constituents on inflammatory biomarkers. Several studies have shown an association between DII score and mortality, but there are limited prospective studies in Asian populations. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DII score and risk of all-cause, total cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), total cancer, digestive cancer, and noncancer/non-CVD mortality in the Japanese population. Methods A total of 58,782 Japanese participants aged 40–79 y who were enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study during 1988–1990 were included in the analysis. DII scores were calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire. HRs and 95% CIs for mortality according to DII quintiles were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results During the median follow-up period of 19.3 y, a total of 11,693 participants died. The multivariable HR for all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest DII quintiles was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.21). For CVD mortality, the highest multivariable HRs were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.49), 1.29 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.59), and 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.76) for total CVD, stroke, and CHD, respectively. No significant associations were observed between DII and risk of total cancer, digestive cancer, and noncancer/non-CVD mortality. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a higher DII was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among Japanese adults.

A lthough case series reporting pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis after prolonged television watching have been published, 1 no prospective study has examined the association between time spent watching television and the risk of mortality from pulmonary embolism. We examined this association in a large cohort study of Japanese men and women.The Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study is a population-based cohort study that started between 1988 and 1990 in 45 regions of Japan involving 110 585 participants 40 to 79 years of age.2 Written or verbal informed consent was obtained according to the guidelines of the Council of International Organizations of Medical Science.3 This study was approved by the ethics committees of the Nagoya University and Osaka University. After the exclusion of those who did not provide information about time spent watching television and those who reported a history of cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction, or pulmonary embolism, 86 024 participants (36 006 men and 50 018 women) were included in the analysis. Baseline information was collected by a self-administered questionnaire that included items about demographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle factors. Participants were asked for their average time spent watching television in hours per day and then were classified into the prespecified 3 categories of <2.5, 2.5 to 4.9, and ≥5.0 h/d. Mortality from pulmonary embolism was ascertained on death certificates until the end of 2009.Hazard ratios for mortality from pulmonary embolism according to hours spent watching television were estimated with a Cox proportional hazards model. Hours spent watching television was evaluated as a categorical variable and separately as a continuous variable for each 2-hour increment. Covariates in the models were age (continuous), sex (female or male), body mass index (quintile), history of hypertension (yes or no), history of diabetes mellitus (yes or no), smoking status (nonsmokers, ex-smokers, or <20 or ≥20 cigarettes per day), perceived mental stress (low, moderate, or high), educational level (13-15, 16-18, or ≥19 years of age on completion of education), walking activity (almost never or 0.5, 0.6-0.9, or ≥1 h/d), and sports activity (almost never or 1-2, 3-4, or ≥5 h/wk). Missing data were allocated to another category for each covariate. All statistical analyses were performed with SAS 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).During the median follow-up of 19.2 years, 59 deaths resulting from pulmonary embolism were documented. Television time was positively associated with the risk of mortality from pulmonary embolism, with multivariable hazard ratios of 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-3.0) for those watching television for 2.5 to 4.9 h/d and 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.3) for ≥5 h/d compared with <2.5 h/d (Table). The mortality rate from pulmonary embolism was 8.2 per 100 000 person-years among those watching television ≥5 h/d. An additional 2 hours of watching television was associated with an increased risk of mort...